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Anaconda Mining – An Undervalued Gold Producer on Canada’s East Coast

Anaconda Mining

With turmoil ramping up around the world in recent weeks, from Hurricane Harvey wreaking havoc in Texas to the mounting discord between North Korea and the United States over missile testing, and a weakening U.S. dollar, the price of gold pushed up over $1300/oz USD.

A rising gold price and the end of the summer doldrums could spell the beginning of the next leg up in the gold bull market. For those looking to profit in this next wave, today I have a gold producing company which is set to be re-rated in the coming months.

This company is Anaconda Mining, a gold producer with its flagship property, The Point Rousse Project, on the Baie Verte Peninsula in Newfoundland & Labrador. Looking out to 2020, the company’s short term goal is to significantly increase their gold production up to 50,000 ounces per year. Through further project acquisitions in Atlantic Canada which have NI 43-101 resources, and the development of Anaconda’s existing projects, they hope to leverage their team’s mine building experience and existing Point Rousse Project infrastructure, Pine Cove Mill, port and in-pit tailings facility, to push them towards their long term goal of becoming a 100,000 ounce per year producer.

Here is an executive summary of my conclusions on Anaconda, which will be followed by my in-depth analysis of the company.

  • Led by CEO, Dustin Angelo, Anaconda has a great team of professionals who are looking to take the company to the next level.  The Goldboro Project acquisition and further acquisitions in the future will cement Anaconda’s reputation as a premier gold producing company.
  • Anaconda Mining’s assets are located in Canada, more specifically, the provinces of Newfoundland & Labrador and Nova Scotia. These are premier destinations for mining as they present a stable political landscape and world-class geology.
  • Anaconda achieved gold sales totalling 15,562 ounces in the fiscal year ended on May 31, 2017. The gold was produced from the cash flowing Point Rousse Project, which includes the Pine Cove Mill and Mine.
  • Existing 43-101 Measured & Indicated + Inferred Resource Total of 1.1million ounces of gold
  • Anaconda Mining’s EV/Oz is well below similar gold companies developing properties on Canada’s east coast.
  • PUSH: Anaconda will be drilling Goldboro this fall, with the intent of both expanding the resource and shoring up the existing deposit. Watch for these drill results.
  • PUSH: A PEA on the Goldboro Project will be completed by the end of this year, giving us a clear picture on the project’s potential profitability.

 

Anaconda Mining (ANX:TSX)

MCAP – roughly $28.6 million CAD (at the time of writing)

Cash – As reported in Anaconda’s news release dated August 2017, reflecting fiscal year end on May 31, 2017 – $2.5 million CAD

Shares – 382.0 million – NOTE: On May 8, 2017 Shareholders voted to give management the right to consolidate shares – 0.25 to 1. The Board of Directors has discretion to implement a consolidation within 12 months.

Stock Options – 33.0 million

Warrants – 34.0 million

Fully Diluted – 449.0 million

Officers & Directors’ Ownership – 7.8%

 

 

Anaconda’s People

Since taking the helm of Anaconda Mining in 2010, CEO, Dustin Angelo, has eliminated the company’s interest bearing debt and funnelled cash flow towards the development of its Point Rousse Project and further expansion of their land package, increasing it ten-fold over the last 6 years.  The Goldboro Project, Anaconda’s most recent acquisition under Angelo, is the most aggressive to date, adding much needed gold resource ounces to Anaconda’s books.

Previously, Angelo held senior level management positions with Waller Capital Corporation, MHI Energy Partners and Elgin Mining Incorporated. These positions have given him a great base of knowledge and experience to draw on, as he leads Anaconda Mining into a major stage of growth, during what looks to be one of the biggest gold bull markets in history.

Also to note, Angelo is an accountant by trade, earning a BSBA in accounting and international business from Georgetown University and a MBA from the Columbia Business School.

Speaking from experience and a little bit bias, operations are the heart of any mining or manufacturing company.  Let’s take a look at who is leading operations for Anaconda.

At the top of operations is COO, Gordana Slepcev. Slepcev, prior to her promotion, was VP of Technical Services, managing the mining and geology departments at the Point Rousse Project. Now in her new position, she is responsible for all operational aspects of the company, including permitting, mine development,  strategic planning, project evaluation, and also delivering long/short-term planning and geological support to mining operations. Slepcev is a professional mining engineer and has prior working experience with Labrador Iron Mines Holdings, Agrium Inc., and Western Coal Corporation.

Next is Anthony Chislett, Operations Manager for the Point Rousse Project, managing all aspects of the milling and mining operations. The Pin Cove Mill will be counted on in the future to process ore from Anaconda’s other projects and still maintain a high level of efficiency in its recoveries. Chislett and those who operate the mill will be strong contributors in the near future as they get set to incorporate Goldboro’s ore. Chislett has a Certificate in Civil Engineering Technology and over 26 years of work experience over his career.

Additionally, Robert Dufour is the CFO, Allan Cramm is VP of Innovation & Development, Paul McNeill is VP of Exploration, and Lynn Hammond is VP of Public Relations.

 

Anaconda’s Board of Directors

Anaconda’s Board of Directors has a great balance of experience, with members who have strong resumes in both the geological and financial sides of the mining industry. Here is a quick look at the board members:

John Fitzgerald is the Chairman of the Anaconda Mining Board of Directors and former Chairman and CEO of Orex Explorations. Fitzgerald’s expertise in finance comes from 25 years in the investment banking industry. Also, he has been a member of or advised a number of different companies including Boston Poly Corporation, Epcylon Technologies, DayStar Technologies, Hesat Acquisition Corp., iSense Corporation and Trustwater PLC.

Michael Byron is a board member and also the CEO of Nighthawk Gold, a gold exploration company, exploring the Indin Lake Greenstone Belt in the Northwest Territories. Byron, a geoscientist, has been in the mining industry for over 30 years and brings  with him plenty of geological technical expertise to the Anaconda Board.

Additionally, on the geological technical side, is Kevin Bullock, a registered Professional Mining Engineer with over 25 years of experience in the mining industry. Currently, Bullock is the CEO of Golden Reign Resources and has held senior positions at a number of other junior mining companies, including being a Director at B2Gold.

On the financial side of the Board are Maruf Raza,  Jacques Levesque, and last but not least, Anaconda’s CEO, Dustin Angelo.

 

Newfoundland & Labrador and Nova Scotia

The bulk of Anaconda Mining’s assets, Point Rousse Project, Viking Project, Great Northern Project and Tilt Cove Property, are located on the island of Newfoundland in the province of Newfoundland & Labrador.  The Goldboro Project, their most recent acquisition from Orex Exploration, is located in Nova Scotia.

Both Newfoundland & Labrador and Nova Scotia are provinces located on Canada’s east coast. Both provinces have a long history of mining but have recently seen a staking rush, particularly on the island of Newfoundland.

 

Newfoundland & Labrador

I recently wrote an article about Newfoundland & Labrador and why I think it is a premier destination for our mining investment dollars; for the full article follow this link. Otherwise, here is a list of my summarized thoughts regarding Newfoundland & Labrador:

  • Newfoundland & Labrador’s geology has long been associated with base metals such as iron ore and nickel, however, I think this is quickly changing as a number of precious metals companies look to explore and develop some highly prospective properties. Compared to the rest of Canada, NL is under explored, especially for precious metals, such as gold.
  • Newfoundland & Labrador encourages mineral exploration within its borders with the Junior Exploration Assistance Program (JEA). While the available funds in the program are small, it is a step in the right direction towards encouraging mining investment in Newfoundland & Labrador.
  • Newfoundland & Labrador has a workforce which is accustomed to heavy industry. With low oil prices hurting the oil fields of Alberta, many native Newfoundlanders are finding their way back to the island and, with them, comes multiple years of heavy industrial experience. As properties develop, there is both a workforce to fill the needed positions and the infrastructure to produce and export their goods.
  • The people of Newfoundland & Labrador have consistently voted for Conservative and Liberal governments since joining Canada in 1949. I expect this tradition to continue, which presents a stable political landscape for mining companies looking to explore and develop properties within its borders.
  • From an investment standpoint, First Nations’ involvement in the mining sector can cause trepidation for the investor. In Newfoundland’s case, this isn’t an issue, as the First Nations do not control any large blocks of land that are prospective for mineralization. NOTE, it is a different story for Labrador.

 

Nova Scotia

  • Since 2013, Nova Scotia has been led by Premier Stephen McNeil, a member of the Canadian Liberal Party. Historically, dating back to Confederation, the people of Nova Scotia have voted either Conservative or Liberal, however, it should be noted that they did vote NDP in 2009, by electing Darrell Dexter who is a member of the NDP Party. For those unaware, the NDP Party is typically cast as being bad for business, and given their history, this isn’t without cause. However, even though the past is typically prologue, we need to examine the policies of each incoming government no matter what their party affiliation, as they are all capable of introducing policy which is detrimental to mining. One thing to keep in mind, Nova Scotia’s unemployment rate is almost 9%, a government which would hinder job creation in the province’s current state wouldn’t last long.
  • In total, there are 16,245 registered Indians in Nova Scotia. The Indian population is represented by 13 band councils and 2 tribal councils, the Confederacy of Mainland Mi’kmaq and the Union of Nova Scotia Indians. The Mi’kmaq are the predominant Aboriginal group in Nova Scotia, with 13 communities across the province.
  • Nova Scotia has a long history of mining dating back 300 years. Gold, in particular, has played a big role in the Nova Scotia economy, with 3 separate gold rushes having produced over 1 million ounces gold since the 1860s.
  • Geologically, Nova Scotia is broken up into two main geological terranes. The Avalone Zone, which forms the northern half of the province, and the Meguma Zone which forms the southern half. The two zones are separated by the Cobequid-Chedabucto Fault Zone, which runs east to west. This fault zone represents where the two zones collided over 400 million years ago. The geology specific to Anaconda’s Goldboro can be found later on in this article.

 

 

Anaconda’s Properties

Anaconda Mining Total Resources

Source: Anaconda Mining Corporate Presentation – August 2017

The Point Rousse Project

The Point Rousse Project is Anaconda’s Flagship 6,300 hectare property and is located on the Baie Verte Peninsula which is on the north west coast of the island of Newfoundland in the province of Newfoundland & Labrador.

Aerial Map of Pine Cove Mill and Mine

Source: Anaconda Mining – Appendix Slide 1

 

The Point Rousse Project consists of the Pine Cove Mill and Mine, the Argyle Zone, the Stog’er Tight Deposit and Aggregates Project, all are located within 8 km of each other. The Project is underlain by Cambro-Ordocivian ophiolitic and cover-sequence rocks of the Point Rousse Complex, which is part of the Baie Verte Tract.

The Point Rousse Complex is host to both orogenic-style gold and volcanogenic sulphide mineralization. There are three identified mineralized trends within the Project: the Scrape Trend, the Goldenville Trend, and the Deer Cove Trend.

 

Pine Cove Mill and Mine

The Pine Cove Mill and Mine began producing in 2008, with commercial production achieved in September 2010.  To date, Pine Cove has produced 76,379.34 ounces of gold. In a news release dated August 25, 2017 Anaconda announced it fiscal year ending production figures which were highlighted by:

  • Pine Cove Mill increased throughput by 8% to 1,223 tonnes per day when compared to the 2016 fiscal year.
  • Operating cash cost per ounce sold was $1,126 CAD or USD $$856/oz and an all-in sustaining cost (AISC) per ounce of $1,735 CAD.  NOTE: Remember that AISC includes: CAPEX, Corp Admin and exploration expenses.
  • Additionally, the Pine Cove pit, generated $0.9 million CAD from the sale of waste rock.  Anaconda is working with Shore Line Aggregates and Phoenix Bulk Carriers to supply 3.5 million tonnes of construction aggregate using Anaconda’s waste rock from the Pine Cove Mine and Mill operation. The waste rock is transported via Anaconda’s Point Rousse Port Facility.

The Pine Cove Mine is an open pit design, which is designed to be 350 m wide by a maximum depth of 150 m by the end of mine life. The pit’s main access ramps are designed at a 10% gradient and are 15 m wide, facilitating two-way truck traffic. The pit rock is drilled and blasted and then loaded into haul trucks by excavators, which transport the ore to the crusher ROM Pad.

The future of Anaconda lays in the hands of the Pine Cove Mill, which operates as a grind/flotation circuit followed by leaching. The Mill will be counted on in future to process the ore generated by Goldboro and Anaconda’s other deposit on the island of Newfoundland.

Here is an excerpt from the 2015 Point Rousse Technical Report,

“The concentrator has a flotation circuit which produces a gold-pyrite concentrate that advances to the leach circuit. Comminution is via a two-stage crushing plant followed by a 10 ft by 14 ft primary ball mill. Cyclone overflow feeds the flotation circuit, with four unit cells for roughing and one cleaner cell. Mass recovery is typically 2-4 percent. Flotation concentrate is thickened in a 4.5 m diameter thickener and reground in a 5.5 ft diameter ball mill. Leaching is conducted in a series of four 70 cubic metre mechanically agitated leach tanks. Two drum filters and a Merrill-Crowe circuit are used for gold recovery from the pregnant solution. Cyanide destruction of leach tailings is achieved through the Inco SO2 process. The mill currently achieves 86-88 percent recovery.” ~ 2015 Point Rousse Technical Report – pg. 21

Anaconda has two tailings facilities and a polishing pond. The Tailings 1 storage facility had its final expansion in 2014, increasing its elevation up to 103 (msl). Additionally, in the last fiscal year, the Tailings 2 storage facility and new polishing pond were constructed on the property.

 

Stog’er Tight Deposit

The Stog’er Tight Deposit was originally discovered by Noranda Exploration Company in the late 1980s. Anaconda optioned the property from 1512513 Alberta Ltd. in 2012, with the intent of securing future supply for the Pine Cove Mill.

Anaconda has since worked on evaluating the deposit’s potential, by the verifying of historic drill data with the completion of nine twinned diamond-drill holes. Anaconda’s work indicates that other similar prospects lay adjacent to the Stog’er Tight Deposit and may represent an expansion of resource for the area.

Currently, the Stog’er Tight Deposit is estimated to contain Indicated Mineral Resources of 204,100 tonnes grading 3.59 g/t gold for a total of 23,540 ounces and an Inferred Resource of 252,100 tonnes gtrading 3.27 g/t gold for a total of 26,460 ounces, both using a cut-off grade of 0.8 g/t gold.

As mentioned in the August 25, 2017 news release, CEO, Dustin Angelo, states,

“Looking ahead to 2018, the Company is projecting to produce and sell approximately 15,500 ounces of gold.  Production in the first three quarters will be from the Pine Cove Pit, and will transition to the Stog’er Tight pit early in the 2018 calendar year.”

 

Argyle Zone

The Argyle Zone is a highly prospective zone located immediately northwest of the community of Ming’s Bight.  The Argyle Zone has seen a reconnaissance soil survey in 2012, with a total of 364 samples collected at 25m intervals. These samples returned some impressive assay values, highlighted by 112 samples assayed 25 ppb gold or greater to a maximum of 4.88 g/t and several pieces of mineralized float returned assay values of up to 9 g/t gold.

The property has since seen additional exploration work including an airborne magnetic survey, trenching and drilling. The trenching revealed strongly-altered, quartz-veined and pyritized gabbro. Highlights of the trenching include 3.75 g/t gold over 16 m and 1.49 g/t gold over 3.5 m. While a total of 5,000m of drilling has been completed on the zone, which is highlighted by 3.63 g/t gold over 12m, 5.52 g/t gold over 12m, and 9.31 g/t gold over 6m.

Argyle remains a highly prospective Zone within a stone’s throw of the Pine Cove Mill; it will need additional exploration to fully understand its potential.

 

The Goldboro Project

Anaconda’s Goldboro Project is located on the north east coast of Nova Scotia and consists of 37 mineral claims on 600 hectares. The main portion of the Goldboro property is accessible year- round via Highway 316 on a 2.5 km gravel road, with the other more obscure parts of the property having access via logging roads.

Highway 316 connects Goldboro to the nearest full service town of Antigonish, which sits approximately 75km to the north west. The capital of Nova Scotia and home to the province’s international airport, is Halifax, which sits 250 km to the south west.

Arguably the most important available access to the property comes from Isaac’s Harbour, a tide water port which is key for Anaconda’s plan to transport Goldboro’s ore back to their existing Pine Cove Mill in Baie Verte, Newfoundland & Labrador. Also, to note, a larger deep water port is located 60 km north east, in the Strait of Canso Superport.

 

Goldboro Infrastructure

The property has access to power and has existing buildings, a tailings pond, a settling pond and some advantageous underground workings.

Goldboro’s existing underground infrastructure includes a vertical shaft from surface down to the old 400 ft level and an inclined shaft from the bottom of the vertical shaft, running down plunge of the anticline fold axis of the main Boston-Richardson Belt down to the old 700 ft level. Also, there are several drifts which could possibly be used for future exploration, along with some minor workings in the East and West Goldbrook zones.

 

Goldboro’s History

The Goldboro property has a long history, dating back to 1862 when mineralization was first found, and then 1893 when mining began. In the 17 years that it was mined, it produced roughly 55,000 ounces of gold at an average grade of 4.5 g/t.

Modern exploration began on the property  with Patino Mines Ltd in 1981. Further work was completed on the overlying claims by Onitap, who completed diamond drilling, airborne VLF-EM and magnetic surveys and ground based IP surveys.

In 1988, Orex Exploration purchased the property from Onitap. Over the course of the next 26 years, Orex developed the property with further drilling and the refurbishment of its existing underground infrastructure, but also optioned the property to Placer Dome.

In 1995, Placer Dome optioned Goldboro with the objective of determining whether the property could be mined as an open pit operation. To determine this, they would focus on exploring for low-grade gold mineralization in the Boston-Richardson arenite or hanging wall sequence in the range of 0.5 g/t to 1.0 g/t.

Placer Dome was unsuccessful in their pursuit as they let their option on the property expire. They are quoted as saying,

” the property did not meet corporate requirements with respect to large open pit mining opportunities” ~ 2014 Goldboro PEA – pg.63

In 2010, Orex and Osisko formed a joint venture partnership for the exploration of Goldboro. Together, they drilled 59 NQ-sized drill holes with a combined length of close to 13,000m. The data from the drill program provided in-fill data to the property drillhole database.

 

 

Goldboro Gold Mineralization

Goldboro is entirely underlain by sedimentary rocks of the Goldenville Group, which are made up of greywacke, arenite and slate. Gold mineralization is found in quartz veins and within disseminated sulphides in the wall rock.

From the 2014 Goldboro PEA,

” Gold mineralization at Goldboro occurs in quartz veins and wall rocks adjacent to the veins. At the deposit scale, the veins form a swarm and are clearly located in the flexure zone (hinge and adjacent limbs) of the Upper Seal Harbour anticline. The gold-bearing veins are found in a 140- to 160-m wide envelope centred on the axial surface. The veins occur mostly on the limbs of the fold, but also in the hinge, and all are hosted by turbiditic metasedimentary rocks consisting of metagreywacke, arenite and slate.” ~2014 Goldboro PEA – pg.51

 

Goldboro Deposit Cross-Section

Source: 2014 Goldboro PEA – pg.48

Goldboro’s deposit is broken down into three main areas, the Boston-Richardson gold system and the East and West Goldbrook gold systems. Currently, the deposit’s known strike length is 1.6 km and is associated with a geophysical anomaly. This anomaly extends east and west beyond the current known strike length of the deposit.

Goldboro IP Chargeability Map

Source: Anaconda Mining – Slide 14

The IP anomaly and the fact that historical drill results from those prospective areas east and west of the known strike length, led Anaconda geologists to believe that there is potential to expand the Goldboro Deposit east and west along strike.

Goldboro Deposit Vertical Longitudinal Section

Source: Anaconda Mining – Slide 13

PUSH: Anaconda plans to drill Goldboro this fall, with the intent of both expanding the resource and shoring up the existing deposit.

Goldboro Resource

Source: 2014 Goldboro PEA – pg.13

 

Boston-Richardson Gold System

As described earlier in the article, the Boston-Richardson (BR) gold system was the first mineralization discovered and mined on the property, along with being the host of the existing underground infrastructure.

The BR Belt is host to 15 tightly-stacked, high-grade, gold bearing vein zones. The zones are characterized by thick gold bearing quartz veins and thin veins arrays within the highly altered argillite, separated from the neighbouring vein zones by un-mineralized greywacke.

The BR Belt has been modelled to a depth of  350 metres and plunges eastward beneath East Goldbrook. Anaconda believes that the deposit continues at depth, as some historical drill results have retuned results with high grade and widths at depth in the eastern portion of the deposit.

 

East Goldbrook Gold System

East Goldbrook is host to 7 stacked vein zones, but has not seen the amount of drilling that the BR gold system has and, therefore, is home to the majority of the deposit’s inferred resource. Drill holes are broadly spaced at intervals of roughly 100 metres. Like the BR system, Anaconda believes that given historical drill results, a portion of the veins in East Goldbrook, extend farther west, beyond what is currently modelled.

 

The Nugget Effect

Interestingly, the Goldboro gold mineralization is subject to what they call the Nugget Effect, where the gold is present in large nuggets, fine disseminations within the wall rock and fine gold grains associated with carbonaceous material.

The nugget effect can both inflate and deflate the sampling results. However, a lot of work on Goldboro has focused on better understanding this effect, including undergoing  multiple instances of twinning drill holes in an attempt to validate results, drilling samples with a larger HQ-sized diamond drill core, plus the use of field duplicates, certified reference standards and field blanks were used during their 2008 program.

A.S. Horvath Consulting remarks,

“At Goldboro, historic conventional sampling, processing and analytical gold determination protocols consistently under-estimate the grade due to the extreme nugget effect.” ~ 2014 Goldboro PEA – pg.83

 

Anaconda’s Plans for Goldboro

Anaconda has a tremendous advantage when it comes to developing the Goldboro Project, as they’re the owner and operator of the Pine Cove Mill. Theoretically, the ore mined at Goldboro can be shipped via the tide water port, in Isaac’s Harbour, to Anaconda’s Pine Cove Mill on the Baie Verte Peninsula in Newfoundland & Labrador for processing.

A bulk sample of Goldboro ore is planned for completion in early 2018 and will test the Pine Cove Mill’s ability to recovey the gold from the ore. The successful completion of the bulk sample will be a major accomplishment by the Anaconda team and one that we, as investors, should pay close attention to.

The 2014 PEA on Goldboro estimated the total CAPEX cost for development, expansion and the sustaining of the Goldboro Project to be $46.4 million USD. Considering this cost, the estimated Net Present Value (NPV) at a 7.5% discount is $80 million USD, with an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 52% at $1200 USD/oz gold.

Within the PEA, one of the projected CAPEX costs is for processing equipment and the tailings management facility, which accounted for $16.1 million USD or 35% of the total cost. Therefore, although this is a crude estimate, the CAPEX costs in the newly proposed scenario of shipping the ore to the Pine Cove Mill may come closer to $30 million USD, which gives the project a lot of breathing room, as far as profitability is concerned.

PUSH: With the future mine production processing moving to the Pine Cove Mill and the additional drilling completed by Anaconda this fall, and a new PEA on the project by December of 2017, should provide us with a view of the potential profitability of this new arrangement.

Additionally, Anaconda has a few other goals to complete for the Goldboro Project this fall and winter, including: Complete an archeology study report, Mik’maq ecological studies, and environmental baseline studies for the property.

 

Summarizing the important points on The Goldboro Project:

  • The Goldboro deposit is open along strike, in both directions and at depth. Anaconda will be drilling the property this fall in an attempt to increase the resource size and infill drill the areas of the deposit where further information is needed.
  • The metallurgical drill program is completed and testing is underway. A bulk sample of the Goldboro ore is planned to be completed by early 2018 and will be a great indication of gold recoveries for the project.
  • A PEA of Anaconda’s Goldboro Project will be completed by December of this year. Given the savings provided by Anaconda’s existing Pine Cove Mill, it will be interesting to see how it translates into the project’s potential profits.

 

The Viking Project

The Viking Project is set on 6,225 hectares of property located roughly 180 km by road from the Pine Cove Mill and 10 km southwest of Pollards Point and Sop’s Arm in White Bay, on the island of Newfoundland.  The Project is underlain by rocks of variable age that are separated along the large-scale Doucers Valley Fault System.

The Viking Project has two main properties within it, The Kramer property and The Viking property. The mineralization and alteration on the Kramer property are developed in the Main River Plutonic rocks and adjacent Cambro-Ordovician quartzites. The Viking property’s mineralization and alteration are developed in potassium-fieldspar megacrystic to augen granodiorite of the Main River Pluton.

 

Kramer Property

Historic exploration on the Kramer property was conducted by BP Resources in 1987 and Spruce Ridge Resources from 2009 to 2013. The property has seen soil sampling, geological mapping, airborne magentics, VLF-EM, trenching and diamond drilling. Currently, gold mineralization is defined over a strike length of 1.3 km and remains open to the northeast and southwest. Some of the drilling highlights include 3.78 g/t gold over 5.15 m and 25.41 g/t gold over 0.5 m.

 

Viking Property

Historic exploration on the Viking property was conducted by BP Resources in 1987, Noranda from 1988 to 1990, Altius Minerals in 2006, and Northern Abitibi from 2007 to 2011. Like the Kramer property, Viking has seen soil sampling, geological mapping, airborne magentics, VLF-EM, trenching and diamond drilling, but to a much higher degree, with 62 trenches and 131 holes totalling almost 19,000 m.

Mineralization has been found along the Thor and Viking Trends. The Thor Deposit has a historical 43-101 resource estimate of 63,000 ounces of gold at 2.09 g/t in the Indicated category and 20,000 ounces of gold at 1.79 g/t in the Inferred category, however, Anaconda does not consider this to be a current mineral resource as an Anaconda Qualified Person has not completed sufficient work to classify it as a current mineral resource. See SEDAR for the technical report entitled, “MINERAL RESOURCE ESTIMATE UPDATE FOR THE THOR TREND GOLD DEPOSIT, NORTHERN ABITIBI MINING CORP”.

 

Additional Projects

Additionally, Anaconda has the Great Northern Project and Tilt Cove property which are very early stage projects. These will not be covered in this report, please see their respective web pages for further information.

 

 

Anaconda Mining Financials

Anaconda’s fiscal year report was released on August 25, 2017 and covered the company’s financial and operating results for the fiscal year ended on May 31, 2017. Here is a look at some of the important high level figures (Note: figures have been rounded and are in CAD unless otherwise stated)

  • Production – 15,562 ounces of gold at an average sale price $1,651/oz or USD $1,248/oz
  • Point Rousse Project EBITDA – $8.0 million
  • Consolidated EBITDA – $6.3 million
  • Revenue Generation – $25.7 million
  • Total cost of operations – $24.8 million at an operating cash cost per ounce of $1,126/oz or USD $856/oz
  • All-in Sustaining Cost (AISC) – $1,735/oz or USD $1,318/oz
  • AISC includes corporate administration, capital expenditures (CAPEX) and exploration costs
  • CAPEX included tailings and polishing pond construction of $1.9 million, mill equipment upgrades of $0.7 million, production stripping asset additions of $1.1 million and dock facility permitting/legal costs of $0.1 million
  • Exploration and evaluation costs were high, with purchase of Orex Exploration, as the company conducted its due diligence. Additionally, exploration of all Anaconda properties totalled $3.3 million for the fiscal year, as drilling, trenching, mapping and mineral resource estimates were completed.
  • Mine Operating Income – $900K
  • Expenses and other Income – $2 million
  • Loss before Income Tax – ($1.1 million)
  • Net Loss and Comprehensive Loss for the Period – ($3.6 million) or $0.02 Net Loss per share
  • Net Loss for the fiscal year is attributed to higher non-cash charges including depletion and depreciation expense and deferred tax expense.
  • Weighted average number of shares – 210,921,901

 

Anaconda Mining is a company in a major growth stage of its development, and their financials reflect it in their net loss for the fiscal year. However, this loss comes with the development of their projects: Point Rousse and Viking, and includes the transformative purchase of the Goldboro Project, which should pay back in a big way once in production. The upcoming PEA should provide us with a relatively clear guideline of how lucrative Goldboro will be.

Bottom line is that the Point Rousse Project creates a cash flow which the company can deploy into its other assets for development. This is a situation which many other companies try and foreshadow, but Anaconda is actually doing it.

 

 

Anaconda Comparables

Who are Anaconda’s comparables? This is a great question, one that is hard to answer for a number of reasons. One thing that I try and keep constant when comparing companies is jurisdiction, as this is a huge wildcard and arguably has the largest speculative affect on the value of a company.

Therefore, I will be comparing Anaconda to two companies, one in Newfoundland & Labrador and the other in Nova Scotia. While the two companies aren’t currently producing gold, I feel they are as close to comparables as you can get for Anaconda on Canada’s east coast.

NOTE: These calculations are approximations and shouldn’t be counted on as being exact or reflecting the enterprise values at the time of reading this report.

 

Anaconda’s Enterprise Value per Ounce of Gold

Before getting to the comparisons, let us take a look at Anaconda’s Enterprise Value in relation to their 43-101 Resource.

MCAP at the time of writing – roughly $28.6 million CAD

Cash – As reported in Anaconda Corporate Presentation dated August 2017 , reflecting fiscal year end on May 31, 2017- $2.5 million CAD

Debt – As reported in Anaconda Corporate Presentation dated August 2017 , reflecting fiscal year end on May 31, 2017- $1.0 million CAD

Therefore, Anaconda’s Enterprise Value (EV) = 28.6 + 1.0 – 2.5 = $27.1 million CAD

43-101 Total M&I + I Resource = 1.1 million ounces of gold

Therefore, EV / Resource = 27.1 / 1.1 = 24.6

 

Marathon Gold (MOZ:TSX)

The first company is Marathon Gold, which owns the Valentine Lake Gold (VLG) property in Newfoundland. The VLG property, is being developed as an open pit mine, which may be later converted to an underground operation. VLG has a 43-101 Measured and Indicated Resource of roughly 1.4 Moz of gold and an Inferred Resource of 0.8 Moz of gold, giving VLG a total of 2.2 Moz of gold.

MCAP at the time of writing – roughly $145 million CAD

Cash – As reported in Marathon’s Financials dated June 30, 2017  – $21.1 million CAD

Debt – As reported in Marathon’s Financials dated June 30, 2017  – $0 million CAD

Therefore, Marathon’s Enterprise Value (EV) = 145 – 21.1 = $123.9 million CAD

43-101 Total M&I + I Resource = 2.2 million ounces of gold

Therefore, EV / Resource = 123.9 / 2.2 = 56.3

 

Atlantic Gold (AGB:TSXV)

The second company is Atlantic Gold, which owns 4 gold development projects in Nova Scotia. Atlantic’s Touquor Project is its most advanced project, with open pit mining production slated for October 2017. Atlantic Gold has a 43-101 Measured and Indicated Resource of 1.7 Moz of gold and an Inferred Resource of 0.4 Moz of gold, for a total of 2.1 Moz of gold.

MCAP at the time of writing – roughly $277 million CAD

Cash – As reported in Atlantic’s Financials dated June 30, 2017  – $11.5 million CAD

Debt – As reported in Atlantic’s Financials dated June 30, 2017  – $128.3 million CAD

Therefore, Atlantic’s Enterprise Value (EV) = 277 + 142.2 – 11.5 = $407.7 million CAD

43-101 Total M&I + I Resource = 2.1 million ounces of gold

Therefore, EV / Resource = 407.7 / 2.1 = 194.1

 

While ounces in the ground are not created equal, using a comparison method such as EV/Oz is a great way to gauge the valuations of companies of similar ilk. In this case, I think it’s clear that Anaconda is undervalued in comparison to Marathon Gold and Atlantic Gold.

Anaconda’s production is small at approximately 16,000 ounces per year, but they are in full production and have acquired a project in Goldboro, which looks to bring them to the next level of gold producers. I expect Anaconda’s market capitalization to be re-rated in the near future, as its story becomes more widely known.

 

 

Concluding Remarks

In conclusion, Anaconda Mining is an under-valued gold producing company, which I believe is set for a MCAP re-rating in the months ahead. To refresh your memory, here’s a list of the contributing factors:

  • Anaconda has a great team of professionals led by CEO, Dustin Angelo.  The Goldboro Project acquisition and further acquisitions in the future will cement Anaconda’s reputation as a premier gold producing company
  • Anaconda Mining’s assets are located in the provinces of Newfoundland & Labrador and Nova Scotia, Canada. These are premier destinations for mining with a stable political landscape and world-class geology
  • Anaconda achieved gold sales totalling 15,562 ounces in the fiscal year ended on May 31, 2017. The gold was produced at the Point Rousse Project, which includes Pine Cove Mill and Mine
  • An existing 43-101 Measured & Indicated + Inferred Resource Total of 1.1million ounces of gold
  • Their EV/Oz is well below similar gold companies developing properties on the east coast of Canada
  • PUSH: Anaconda plans to drill Goldboro this fall and intends to expand the resource and shore up the existing deposit.
  • PUSH: A PEA on the Goldboro Project will take place by the end of 2017, giving us an idea of the potential profitability.

 

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Until next time,

 

Brian Leni  P.Eng

Founder – Junior Stock Review

 

 

Disclaimer: The following is not an investment recommendation, it is an investment idea. I am not a certified investment professional, nor do I know you and your individual investment needs. Please perform your own due diligence to decide whether this is a company(s) and sector that is best suited for your personal investment criteria. Junior Stock Review does not guarantee the accuracy of any of the analytics used in this report. I do own Anaconda Mining Inc. and Marathon Gold Corp. shares. Anaconda Mining Inc. is a Sponsor of Junior Stock Review.

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The Nickel Market: Investing Ahead of the Crowd – Part 1

Nickel Supply Versus Demand

First and foremost, the way to make money on a consistent basis in the junior mining sector is to buy quality. Chasing what is hot in the market typically means you are too late to the story. However, in my opinion, it’s still necessary to have a good idea of where the commodity is within the cycle, as buying near the bottom of the cycle will tilt the odds of success in your favour.

Today, we’re going to look at a base metal market which has been beat up over the last few years, but may be on its way up. This metal is nickel, one of the most important metals of our industrial world.

For the most part, nickel has been somewhat off the radar in the resource investment world; in the 4 years preceding 2016, the nickel market was over-supplied with nickel ore, sending the nickel price to 5 year lows under $4 USD/lbs.

2016 may have marked the bounce back in nickel prices for a number of reasons that we will get into later on in this report. Before we get into the supply and demand fundamentals, let’s take a look at some basic geological background information on the metal.

 

Nickel Ore

In the U.S. Geological Survey’s(USGS) 2017 review, it states that the world has 78 million metric tons of nickel reserves and produced roughly 2.25 million metric tons of nickel ore in 2016.

Global Nickel Reserves

Source: US Geological Survey

Nickel is most often found in two types of ores, sulfides or laterites. While nickel laterite ores are more commonly found in the world, they are mined less than nickel sulfide ores, which make up the vast majority of current and historical production.

Laterites are formed near surface, typically in tropical regions, where high rainfall and higher temperatures have released the nickel from ultramafic rocks, forming highly leached soils.  Laterite deposits are commonly found around the equator, for example the Philippines, Indonesia, Western Australia and southern Africa.

Nickel laterite ores are mined less often than sulfide ores because they require more extensive and more complicated processing to extract the nickel. Higher cost of production means these deposits typically sit and wait for higher nickel prices to make them economic.

Nickel sulfide ores are associated with ultramafic rocks, which sit near the surface. It’s theorized that during formation, ultramafic flows picked up sulphur droplets from adjacent rock. As the sulphur droplets moved through the ultramafic flow, they collected nickel, copper and other platinum group metals. Thus, we’re left today with nickel sulphide deposits that commonly have these other metal types.

 

A Conversation with Martin Turenne

I had the chance to ask FPX Nickel CEO, Martin Turenne, a series of questions pertaining to the global nickel market. Highlights from our interview will be shared throughout the report.

 

FPX Nickel Corp.

FPX Nickel Corp. (FPX:TSXV)

MCAP – $13.4 million CAD (at the time of writing)

CEO – Martin Turenne

 

FPX Nickel is developing its flagship Decar nickel project, located in central British Columbia, Canada.  The Decar project is a greenfield discovery of nickel mineralization in the form of a naturally occurring nickel-iron alloy called awaruite.

 

 

Nickel Supply Analysis

Nickel ore is mined all across the world, however, the majority of current production is concentrated in a few keys areas: the Philippines, Russia, Canada, Australia, New Caledonia and Indonesia.

As a country, the Philippines represents roughly 20% of the world’s nickel production. Rewinding back to 2013, global nickel production looked much different, as Indonesia was the largest producer in the world, representing an overwhelming 34% of the market. However, this changed very quickly in 2014.

 

Indonesia’s Nickel Ban

Why did Indonesia’s production fall in 2014? In a nutshell, the Indonesian government instituted a ban on nickel ore exports in an effort to encourage investment in downstream nickel ore smelting operations.  Prior to 2014, China, the largest importer of Indonesian nickel ore, would ship the raw nickel ore back to its smelters, where it would be processed into nickel pig iron (NPI).

NPI is a ferronickel product, the creation of which is credited to China, and it can be used in the making of stainless steel.  Stainless steel producers have a choice between using NPI or pure nickel in their process, however, NPI is typically a cheaper alternative.

NPI is created using low grade, laterite nickel ores which are mixed with coking coal and a mixture of fluxes. The process culminates in a blast furnace, which renders the unwanted impurities into slag and allows the molten mixture to be cast into molds, forming nickel pig iron.

While the Chinese provided Indonesia’s nickel mines with steady demand for the ore, the Indonesian government wanted more from the industry and, thus, in 2014 issued a ban on the exporting of nickel ore.

To date, it would appear that this ban hasn’t worked out as well as the Indonesian government would have hoped, as earlier this year they relaxed their stance on nickel ore exports, saying that some approved, low grade (less than 1.7% Ni content) nickel ores could be released into the market, provided the buyer expresses a commitment to build a smelting operation in Indonesia within five years.

Considering this, I asked Martin the following:

Question 1:

In your opinion, will the Indonesian government further relax or lift their nickel ore export ban and how will that affect the global nickel market?

Martin: If the Indonesian government wants to encourage greater investment in domestic smelting capacity, it will not further relax or lift the export ban. When the export ban was relaxed earlier this year, the nickel price dropped; the Indonesian Smelter Association has since reported the closure of 13 out of 25 Indonesian nickel pig iron (“NPI”) smelters due to low nickel prices. So relaxing the ban has defeated the purpose of its initial implementation, which was to encourage investment in new smelter capacity. The relaxation of the export ban has actually had a relatively neutral impact on global nickel supply this year; to the extent the ban is further relaxed, any increase in Chinese NPI production is largely offset by lower Indonesian NPI production, and this limits the potential for further development of Indonesian NPI smelters going forward.

 

 

 

 

The Environment and its Effect on the Nickel Market

I don’t think it should come as a surprise to anyone that the environment and how we live in it is becoming a larger political issue around the world with each passing day. A large segment of the population is demanding both industry and individuals reduce their impact on the environment, mainly via reducing carbon emissions.

The Paris Accord and the 450 Scenario are two examples of organized attempts to bring countries together in addressing our impact to the environment. While many countries have embraced these hefty goals for carbon emissions, there are still countries that choose not to conform to the trend, as well as others who are walking to the beat of their own drum by setting their own goals and plans to achieve them.

China has long been associated with poor air quality in its cities, an unfortunate trade-off for the country’s massive manufacturing industry. This trade-off has long been accepted, but this sentiment is quickly changing, as the Chinese government has begun to target industries that contribute significantly to air pollution, forcing them to shut down or improve their process.

Earlier this year, I wrote about the effect this has had on China’s zinc smelting operations and how that loss of smelting capacity has further contributed to the supply crunch in the zinc market. Nickel is no different, as, most notably, the Philippines are shutting or suspending nickel operations in an effort to reduce the industry’s affect on the environment.

The Philippines is particularly interesting in the nickel space, because they are by far the largest producer of nickel ore in the world. Anglo America states,

“The Philippines has ordered many nickel mines to shutdown, or to suspend operations, accounting for [roughly] 50% of the country’s annual output,  [roughly] 10% of world mine supply” ~ April 2017 Nickel Perspectives Presentation – Slide 7

Further, the Philippines Department of Environmental and Natural Resources’ (DENR) Environmental Secretary, Gina Lopez, said in reference to the mine closures and their environmental impacts,

“My issue here is not about mining. My issue here is social justice. If there are businesses and foreigners that go and utilize the resources of that area for their benefit and the people of the island suffer, that’s social injustice.” ~ DENR

 

Philippine Ban on Nickel Ore Exports?

In recent developments, as reported by Channel NewsAsia on August 25, 2017,

“Philippine lawmakers have filed a bill seeking to ban mining in watershed areas and exports of unprocessed ores and will require miners to get legislative approval before operating, in line with President Rodrigo Duterte’s pledge to overhaul the sector.”

This would have major implications on the nickel market if it becomes official policy. As stated earlier, the Philippine government had already started to suspend and shut down mining operations due to their affect on the environment. Taking it a massive step forward is incorporating a ban on the export of unprocessed ore.

We need to keep a close eye on this, because in my mind, this makes the nickel narrative very bullish.

 

Question 2:

Brian: In what appears to be a growing trend, the Philippines have ordered the suspension or closure of roughly 50% of their nickel producing mines due to environmental concerns.

In your opinion, will the environment continue to play a role in the global nickel market moving forward, or are the actions by the Philippine government an isolated situation?  If this is just the tip of the iceberg, how do you foresee it affecting future nickel supply?

Martin: The environmental factor could be significant going forward, because mining practices in the Philippines can be pretty gruesome for the local ecosystem, and the move to suspend operations has very vocal support from Filipino President Duterte and local populations. Beyond that, we have recently started to see some curtailing of NPI smelting operations in China, which are very dirty operations. Given China’s current crackdowns on polluting industries, and given that the country has capacity to produce up to 20-25% of global refined nickel supply, smelter shutdowns there are significant for the market.

 

 

 

 

Nickel Producers by Company

Top 10 World Nickel Miners

Source: Statista

Two companies stand above the rest when it comes to world nickel production, Vale and Norilsk Nickel. Combined, they control more than a quarter of the nickel produced in the world, let’s take a look at these two companies.

 

Vale  (VALE:NYSE)

Share Price – $10.17 USD (at the time of writing)

MCAP – $52.4 Billion USD

Vale is a major resource company with a variety of different areas of business: mining, logistics, energy and steelmaking.  While they have multiple cash flow sources, they are primarily a mining company.  As a mining company, they have operations that mine iron ore, nickel, coal, copper, fertilizers and manganese/ ferro-alloys.

Currently, Vale is the largest producer of nickel ore, with 14% of the global market.  Vale’s nickel operations are in Brazil, Canada, Indonesia and New Caledonia. Also, Vale is a refiner with both fully owned and joint venture operations in China, South Korea, Japan, the United Kingdom and Taiwan.

One of Vale’s largest footprints is in Canada with offices or mining operations in the following cities: Toronto, Sudbury, Port Colborne, Thompson, St. John’s, Voisey’s Bay and Long Harbour.

  • Vale’s Sudbury location employs roughly 4000 people and is one of their largest properties with six mines, a mill, a smelter, and a refinery. Along with nickel, the mines also produce copper, cobalt, platinum group metals, gold and silver.

 

 

Norilsk Nickel  (MNOD:LSE)

Share Price – $15.35 USD (at the time of writing)

MCAP – $24.14 Billion USD

Norilsk is a Russian company and the 2nd largest nickel producer in the world. As their name would suggest, nickel is their primary focus, however, they do produce a number of other metals, including: palladium, platinum, copper, cobalt, rhodium, silver, gold, iridium, ruthenium, selenium, tellurium and sulphur.

Norilsk’s main mining operations are as follows:

  • Polar Division – Located in Russia, north of Arctic Circle. The Polar Division has 4 mines which produce sulfide copper-nickel ores.
  • Kola MMC – Located in Russia, near the border with Norway and Finland. Kola has sulfide disseminated ores mainly containing nickel and copper.  The ore is then processed into a collective copper-nickel concentrate. Kola’s refining facilities can then create electrolyte nickel and copper, carbonyl nickel, cobalt concentrate and precious metals concentrates.
  • Norilsk Nickel Finland – Located in Finland, it is the only refining plant in the country. The refinery processes nickel concentrates from Norilsk’s other operations.
  • Norilsk Nickel Australia – Operations are currently suspended.
  • Norilsk Nickel Africa – 85% ownership of Tati Nickel Mining Company in Botswana and 50% ownership in Nkomati in South Africa.

 

Question #3

Brian: The major mining companies are typically a great gauge for the supply and demand fundamentals in their given sector.

In your opinion, from the information they are disseminating, where is the nickel market currently and where is it headed?

Martin: In terms of market fundamentals, all the analysts and the major companies are aligned in predicting supply deficits for the next several years and rising nickel prices. You just have to look at the deficit forecasts recently disclosed by Norilsk and Sumitomo Metal Mining, to name just two. We are also seeing companies like Glencore and BHP very publicly highlighting the growth in nickel demand from electric vehicle batteries, and the hugely bullish implications of that for the nickel price. Finally, we are starting to see majors starting to look for growth opportunities for their nickel businesses; that’s a common theme we hear when speaking to those companies and to investment bankers in the industry. As the nickel price continues to strengthen, that urgency to acquire new projects will pick up considerably.

 

Question#4

Brian: Mines are depleting assets and, therefore, regardless of where we are in the bull or bear cycle, the major mining companies, when push comes to shove, have to replenish their coffers with more pounds or ounces of metal on a continuous basis.

Roughly, 60% of the world’s nickel production is from major mining companies, which, in my mind, means that good nickel deposits are typically bought up in the market by the majors versus being developed by the junior that discovers them.

How close and what do you believe will be the catalyst for the next merger and acquisition rush in the nickel sector? Please explain.

Martin: Just one year ago at this time, mid-tier and major companies in base and diversified metals were still focused on repairing their balance sheets and in divesting non-core assets; growth wasn’t on their radar at all. With the subsequent run in the prices of base metals and bulks, those same companies are now generally very profitable again, and given that their pipeline of new projects is relatively empty, they are actively seeking growth opportunities and looking to add new development projects to their portfolio. We’ve started to see a few mid-tiers and majors investing into copper and zinc projects, and I would expect you will see them looking to add nickel assets into their portfolio next. The fact that there’s been so little investment in base metal projects in the past few years bodes extremely well for companies like FPX Nickel – companies with large, low-cost development-stage assets located in attractive jurisdictions.

 

 

Nickel Mine Production Changes

Existing and newly approved nickel mining operations are projected to show an average yearly increase of roughly 440,000 tonnes of production leading up to 2020. Let’s take a look at a few of the largest contributors by country.

  • Indonesia is set to have the largest yearly increase in production with an average of roughly 258,000 tonnes of laterite ore over the next 4 years.  Indonesia’s expected production increase is directly related to the low-grade ore which will exported.
  • Guatemala’s Fenix Mine is projected to show an average yearly increase of 27,000 tonnes of laterite ore over the next 4 years. The Fenix Mine was reopened in 2014 after 30 years of closure due to disputes over land ownership.
  • Finland’s Talvivaara (Sotkamo) and Kevitsa Mines are set to increase yearly production on average by 25,800 tonnes of sulphide ore over the next 4 years.  The Talvivaara Mine will show the bulk of the increase in production. It is located in Sotkamo, and is mined by Talvivaara Mining Company, a company which has had its share of issues, including bankruptcy in 2014 and a tailings spill. The company has since signed a 10 year deal with Norilsk Nickel, which will buy all of its nickel and cobalt production over the contract period.
  • Australia’s Nova-Bollinger Mine is projected to increase its average yearly production by 20,400 tonnes of sulphide ore over the next 4 years. The Nova-Bollinger Mine is owned and operated by Independence Group, which is an ASX listed diversified mining, development and exploration company.

 

A decline in the yearly production of currently producing nickel mines is projected to average 270,000 tonnes leading up to 2020. Here’s a look at some of the larger reductions in nickel production from around the world.

  • Australia’s Long and Savannah Mines are expected to decrease their yearly production by a combined average of roughly 10,000 tonnes until 2019 and 2020 where that will double to 20,000 tonnes.  The Long mine is owned and operated by Independence Group, which purchased the project in 2002 from BHP. The Savannah Nickel & Cobalt Mine is owned and operated by Panoramic Resources. All of the mineral concentrate produced by the Savannah mine is contractually sold to Jinchuan Group, one of the world’s largest nickel companies.
  • Brazil’s Mirabela and Niquel Tocantins Mines’ yearly production is expected to decrease by a combined 46,000 tonnes per year leading up to 2020.
  • Guatemala’s Montufar – Garnierite Mine is expected to decrease its average yearly production by 20,000 tonnes over the next 4 years.

 

Subtracting the projected decreases to increases in production, by 2020, the yearly available supply should roughly increase by 174,000 tonnes. However, a major wild card in this estimate is the actions by the Filipino and Indonesian governments. They hold a lot of influence on the future supply numbers, positive or negative.

 

 

Global Reported Nickel Inventories

When examining the supply numbers for any of the industrial metals, it’s important to check the inventory levels held by the London Metal Exchange (LME), Shanghai Futures Exchange (SHFE) and bonded warehouses.

 

London Metal Exchange

For those who aren’t aware, the LME is a major world centre for the trading of futures contracts in industrial metals. Established in 1877, the LME has a long history in the metals industry and, thus, has a great network of warehouses around the world.

 

Shanghai Futures Exchange

The SHFE is Asia’s answer to the LME, as it allows for futures contracts trading of a number of different commodities, which include:  gold, silver, copper, aluminum, nickel, steel rebar, zinc, etc.  While not being as old as the LME, the SHFE has become a major part of the global market, one that needs to be considered when researching any commodity.

 

Total Nickel Inventory Levels

Examining the total global nickel inventory, you see that they are down 15% from the April 2016 peak, and down 10% year-to-date in 2017. Currently, total global inventories sit just below 500,000 tons. (Source: ScotiaBank and RBC Capital Markets) Contrasting this against 2016 production levels, which were 2.25 million tons, the current total global inventory represents roughly 22% or 3 months of annual production.

To note, the LME nickel supply makes up roughly 80% of the total global nickel inventory. For those interested, the LME inventory data is readily available on their site or on the Kitco site. The LME’s nickel 5 year stock level chart shows that since 2012, nickel inventories have grown from just over 100,000 tons to a high in 2015 of roughly 450,000 tons. However, since 2015, these stock levels have fallen down below 400,000 tons.

 

Question #5

Brian: LME nickel inventory levels have trended downwards after hitting a 5 year high in 2015. Current LME nickel inventory is sitting just below 400,000 tons, which is roughly 18% of 2016 world nickel production.

How much influence does the LME inventory supply have on the nickel price? Secondly, is there a key inventory level which can be looked at as critical to its influence on the nickel market?

Martin: Global reported inventories do have a big influence, and we are a ways off from reaching a critical level in terms of perceived tightness in nickel inventories. I think the important takeaway is that global reported inventory levels are down 15% from the peak in April 2016, which reflects the supply deficit in 2016 and 2017; so we have some very positive momentum in inventory draw downs and spot price escalation. More importantly, the analyst consensus is for more severe supply deficits over the next several years, which is the fundamental driver for an increase in prices going forward. Among the major metals, nickel has by far the most upside from the current spot price; the long-term consensus forecast price is around $7.50/lb, which means the price has to go up 45% to reach a stable long-term equilibrium, whereas the current spot price for copper and zinc is already at or above the long-term consensus forecast level. If you’re looking for the base metal with the most upside, nickel is the choice.

  

Nickel Supply Concluding Remarks

Like all commodities markets, the supply fundamentals of any particular metal are complicated, not only from a quantitative perspective, but also because these markets are so large and widespread. Their size and geography leave them very susceptible to the jurisdictional risk that we all stress about when investing in individual mining companies.

There were a number of topics discussed in the article, let’s recap some of the key nickel supply numbers and the factors affecting its current and future supply:

  • 2016 marked the first year in the last 5 where the nickel supply was out-stripped by demand.
  • Major nickel producers believe that we will see continued supply deficits and a rising nickel price over the next few years.
  • The Indonesian partial ban on nickel exports should continue as the country looks to develop its smelting industry.
  • The Philippines have suspended or closed roughly 50% of its annual nickel production due to environmental concerns. In 2016, the Philippines were the world’s largest nickel producer, given the current direction of government policy, this may not be the case in 2017.
  • Subtracting the projected decreases to increases in nickel production, by 2020, the yearly available supply should roughly increase by 174,000 tonnes. The Philippines and Indonesia are wild cards in this projection.
  • Total global nickel inventories are trending downwards, falling 15% to below 500,000 tonnes, since hitting a high in April of 2016.

 

The Philippines and Indonesian will have a major impact on the direction of the nickel price. If things remain status quo, it would appear that the nickel supply should continue to get out-stripped by demand.

However, we have only covered only one component of the equation; we need to look at nickel demand. What does the nickel demand look like, currently? From there, we can make some conclusions about where we think the market is headed. Stay tuned!

 

Don’t want to miss a new investment idea, interview or financial product review? Become a Junior Stock Review VIP now – it’s FREE!

 

Until next time,

 

Brian Leni   P.Eng

Founder – Junior Stock Review

 

 

Disclaimer: The following is not an investment recommendation, it is an investment idea. I am not a certified investment professional, nor do I know you and your individual investment needs. Please perform your own due diligence to decide whether this is a company(s) and sector that is best suited for your personal investment criteria. Junior Stock Review does not guarantee the accuracy of any of the analytics used in this report. I do own FPX Nickel Corp. shares. I have NOT been compensated to write this article.

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A Conversation with John Kaiser

John Kaiser

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A752Hg77m8o

 

Brian Leni: Hi. This is Brian Leni of Junior Stock Review. Today I have with me John Kaiser, of Kaiser Research. Hi, John. How are you?

John Kaiser: Hi, Brian. Good to be here.

Brian Leni: Well, let’s get right into it. I recently attended the Sprott National Resources Symposium, and when speaking to many attendees, I heard a lot of mixed thoughts on where the gold market was heading in the second half of 2017. Lower tempered expectations is usually the sign of a good buying opportunity in a market, something that I personally look for.

Where do you think the gold market is headed in the next six months, and is there anything we should look for to confirm this trend?

John Kaiser: Well, it’s very difficult to predict a trend in a metal such as gold, which is not subject to ordinary macroeconomic supply and demand drivers. There’s 5.6 billion ounces just sitting there in vaults, waiting to be sold and converted back into a regular currency so that people can do something with it. What drives the desire to tell or buy is very unpredictable. At the moment, inflation continues to be subdued in the United States, so the supposed main driver for a higher gold price is not really yet operative. We’re looking at a stock market that hasn’t had a serious correction since the crash of 2008, and a lot of anxiety that this may happen. Ironically, we’re seeing money flowing back into bonds, even though the yields are still extremely low. As we saw in 2008, if there’s a serious correction in the general market, that’s usually there’s a liquidity crunch, and we could expect gold to also be sold to raise capital to pay for problems that a sharp decline in equity prices has created.

Now, that’s sort of at the head winds for a higher price. We do, however, have a serious geopolitical situation. We have a president whose motto is, “Make America great again.” However, the stances and policies he’s adopted is actually accelerating America’s relative decline in the eyes of the rest of the world. That is creating geopolitical tensions. China and Russia are being sanctioned over the North Korea situation, which seems to be spiraling out of control. Even within the United States, we have the president fulmenting civil unrest by seeming to back neo-Nazi type sentiments. We have a split within the Republicans themselves as to whether or not they want to back this president. There’s a political crisis brewing, and that could actually stimulate the price of gold upwards, because it becomes driven by concern that the world is becoming unstable, that the reliance on the US dollar as a reserve currency, which by the way should already be seen as being in question by Trump’s push for isolationism, his attack on globalized trade, as on a globalized economy. That’s in essence saying the US dollar is not going to be that which the whole global economy depends on down the road.

There is this geopolitical factor, which could counterbalance any decline in the equity markets precipitated by some trigger event, and offset the desire to sell gold, and actually cause a desire to buy gold, and drive it higher. We are entering a very dangerous period, and I would say the bias for gold is more on the upside in the next six months, and not because of inflation, but more because of these geopolitical stresses that are evolving.

 

Brian Leni: Interesting. In my view, we live in a society of paradigms, or bias, that lock us into thought patterns that keep many of us blind to other alternatives, alternatives that may be more efficient or beneficial.

Whether it be financial, political, or social, in your opinion, how does one keep an open mind and see through the paradigms and their own inherent bias?

John Kaiser: I have this approach, which I call sort of a cost-benefit analysis. I say take any position, any policy, any trend, and ask yourself, “Who are the winners? Who are the losers?” In doing that, it forces one to look at it from the multiple perspectives. Not just that of the winners, but also the losers, and which forces one to say, “Okay, what would be the counter-policy, the opposite policy to this that would reverse the allocation of wins and losses?” Because most policies, most trends do create winners and losers. Then of course, one has to make a moral choice as to which side one wants, but in assessing any sort of a trend or situation, that is the way I like to approach it, so that I can see the different ways, and that of course allows me also to develop hedges, so that if things continue in this direction, what do I bet for? What do I bet against? And just in case it’s going to go in the opposite direction, where can I place a bet on that? You can do that with stuff like the whole climate change situation, the geopolitical situation. It’s really important to be able to look at it from both sides, from a cost-benefit analysis perspective.

 

Brian Leni: Excellent. My experience in the market has taught me that when I find a good opportunity for speculation, I need to risk enough capital to make it worth my while. However, I haven’t settled on a quantitative approach on how to choose the amount of capital to deploy into a position.

Firstly, do you agree with me? Secondly, can you share with us an approach to choosing the appropriate position size?

John Kaiser: Well, I look at all things as a gamble. I don’t look at it as investment. There are not guaranteed rates of return on anything. There are different degrees of risk. My own area of expertise is this high-risk resource sector. I tend to divide my capital into two categories: One is cash. That can be in t-bills or something like that, where it’s readily accessible, and the rest I divide up amongst very high-risk speculative resource juniors, and I create a mix of those based on these different scenarios. For example, if I think that China is going to become America’s enemy, I’ll look at metals where China is a dominant supplier, such as graphite, tungsten, antimony, rare earths. If I think that we are going to be in an inflation, in a geopolitically driven gold up trend, I’ll look for optionality plays, which would benefit from a modest increase of, say, gold going from 13, 12, $1200, $1300, to say $1600, $1700, which puts the project way into the money.

Then have at least 10 different positions, but be prepared to, when a story comes a long that is unusually interesting, if one of these different hedge positions starts becoming the one that’s in ascendancy, be prepared to move from the cash area, more amount into that particular slot and increase it, but never go like all in, and sell everything else, and put all your money. Have a flexible basket with multiple exposure, but be willing to let one of them become more weighted with exposure, and of course when things get high, start replenishing the cash component. If we get blindsided like we did in 2008, where the resource sector was roadkill as a result of these scrutinized mortgage-related meltdown, well, you know, the equity component gets cremated, so now all of a sudden you have like 90% cash. Not because you put it all in there, but because valuations are extremely cheap, you have this cash component available to redeploy and go bottom fishing, and rebuild positions that have become very good value as a result of a sort of across the board haircut that the markets have suffered.

 

Brian Leni: Nice. That’s a great approach. Well, paradigms and bias give us the basis for how we view the world. Emotion is the fuel that causes us to act without logic. The biggest lesson I have learned in my speculating career thus far is to act against the crowd, and buy when everyone else is selling, and vice versa. That’s a lot easier said than done.

Do you have a defined strategy that investors can adopt in some form, which works to minimize the role that emotion plays in their speculations?

John Kaiser: Well, one of the rules that I have is to never be right, and always be wrong. You accomplish that by buying things when nobody is particularly interested, as you suggest. Not necessarily when they’re falling, because when they’re falling, something is going wrong, and catching knives and anvils is not a smart thing to do. But after they’ve crashed on the bottom and done their little dead cat bounce, and have stabilized, research the fundamentals. Make sure they are still intact, and do what I call bottom fishing, value hunting.

Now, this requires patience, and I’m notorious for being way ahead of the curve on stuff, to the point that by the time I’m finally right, nobody cares, and those who have just jumped into the erupting up trend, they’re the ones who are the heroes. It’s something like that that has kind of happened with Noble Resources Corp, where poor Jay Taylor has been patiently covering this since 2013, based on this Wits 2.0 scenario in Australia, and they appear to have failed, and I kind of never liked it, but then something changed. I didn’t get the bottom. I mean, Jay was still there at the bottom, but I caught that erupting point, realized, “This is a new story. This is an emerging story.” So of course I get a lot of interest from people. Poor Jay. Of course, he’s been in it so long, it’s, “Okay. He’s finally right. Yeah. Yeah. Who?”

But when you are long a position such as, say, Jay Taylor is in, or, say, something like Scandium International that I’ve been in for a long time, or even the VAT Exploration, when they start going up, in most cases they tend to overshoot their value, but the value is like poor at the moment, but as the story expands and gets more fleshed out, and risk is removed, it’s going to go higher. You don’t want to sell all of it, and like sell it because the crowd is buying it. What you want to do is sell some. Not this silly “sell half when it doubles,” type rule, which with the kind of high-risk stocks that I invest in would be a disaster in the long run, because I’m shooting for five, 10 baggers, so you’ll maybe sell maybe 20% if it doubles, and you monitor it. But the important point I want to make is that I’m always wrong. I sell too soon, and I sell too late, but because I am selling in stages, and almost always miss the top, I nevertheless have to write a big check to the tax man at the end of the year.

Brian Leni: Yeah, which is the goal, right?

John Kaiser:  Yes. And because I’ve been wrong with everything that I’ve done, emotions get stripped out of it, because, “Oh, yeah, okay. I sold some. That’s why it’s going higher.” But never buy back in during one of those things. One of them, if you’ve sold some and it’s gone higher, just continue with that selling discipline. Never, ever buy back into a high-risk stock that has finally come to life.

 

Brian Leni: People are widely accepted as the most important facet of any junior resource company. Outside of a proven track record of success, in your opinion, are there any characteristics that are commonly shared by successful people in the resource sector? Characteristics that investors should look for?

John Kaiser: The people who have been successful almost have like now a self-fulfilling prophecy function at their work. When they come up with a new idea, the people who benefited in the past are quick to support it. They’ve also learned how to structure their deals so that the earliest tiers you have the people who have control over other people’s money. You insert them in there for preferred financing levels, so that down the road as the story evolves, these people will push the buttons to move other people’s capital into the market and expand it. It becomes a money-making machine, which is why I call these things machine plays. As long as these very successful people continue to deliver successes, this machine can go on and on. But the machine play itself can wear itself out, if management is not coming up with interesting stories.

I don’t like it when it is they’re just jumping onto a bandwagon and saying, “Okay, lithium’s been the buzz for a while, so let’s cobble together some lithium deal and stuff it in some shell, and plug in all the right people, and then open it up and have all the newsletter writers pump it and bring in the retail crowd, and hang them with the paper.” I don’t like that type of story. I like management groups, which in addition to having all the technical skills for executing programs, are also looking for something new and different that doesn’t quite have the acceptance of the market, so the type of story that they are backing, I am interested in that. I’m not interested in somebody finally jumping on to, say, the silver bandwagon, and preaching apocalyptic doom, and saying, “We have all these worthless deposits that are going to be worth a whole pile of money.” Of course, it’s underpinned by foolish logic of inflation. “Socialist policies are going to make everything money worthless.” None of that’s going to make worthless deposits worth anything, because providers of the inputs, labor, energy, materials, they all pay the market price, which is going to inflate along with the price of the metal, which is only going to really inflate according to actual inflation.

That whole inflation-based scenario is complete nonsense, but if they are doing something interesting, something different, are looking at projects which doesn’t require a monster gold or silver price to go up, or looking with some new method for this, or in some new area where people have been afraid to go, these are the things that I’m looking for. Do they have coherent, interesting stories that then, matching with their proven track record and their technical capability? That’s when I get really excited.

 

Brian Leni: That’s a fantastic answer. Thank you for that. You gave a terrific presentation at the recent Sprott National Resources Symposium, one I’m very happy I attended. Among the topics you discussed, the one that really caught my attention was your new initiative, The Share Collective.

Can you give us a breakdown of what The Share Collective is, and how it will benefit investors?

John Kaiser: Well, The Share Collective arose from a frustration that I, as a newsletter writer myself, have experienced. One is, “How do I find these good stories?” Now, sure, there’s about maybe a dozen prominent groups, you know, with the Lundins, the Beatys and so on. But you know, the entry, it’s never very lucrative. By the time those stories are available to the public, there is not very good value. But there’s numerous other groups who may emerge as the next Ross Beaty. Projects that are interesting but unloved because nobody understands it, because there’s no audience, and there’s like 1200, 1500 companies listed on the Canadian exchanges, and on the Australian exchange. How do you filter through all of this? I mean, there’s only so many hours in a day for me basically to even get rid of the first 90%, and then to do due diligence on the remaining 10%. There’s not enough time for me to get this work done.

Then the other problem was, well, what is the size of the prize? This company says, “We have this target here in, say, Utah. We have an existing resource that kind of works at the current metal price we have, but we need to make it bigger. In fact, we see something here that’s potentially very big, but it requires exploration dollars. High-risk exploration dollars to make or break.” I ask, “Well, if you are successful, what is that worth?” You know, “Your company has a, say, a $10 million valuation right now, but is that fair? Is that good value? Should I buy it at this point?” What I developed myself was what I call outcome visualization, where I imagine, “Okay, what’s the footprint? What kind of deposit could be there, and what sort of grades could one hope for?” Then assuming we have, say, 20 million tons of 10 gram per ton gold, “Well, what would it cost to mine that?”

Then you look up the numbers for a mine that was depleted in 10 to 20 years, and you run the discounted cash flow model, and this is all very complicated. You get a net present value number, an internal rate of return. You need an Excel spreadsheet. You need to set it up. You need to customize it. It’s a huge pain in the butt. Most people don’t do it, but I do it, and all the analysts in the mining industry do it. You come up with a number, and then I have this uncertainty lags and says, “Well, this is just a target testing stage, so even if it’s worth a billion dollars at the end of the day, it’s fair value right now as 1% to 1.5%, which is like $10, $15 million bucks.” I say, “Well, that is how the market is pricing it, so I actually like this company.”

But again, with the first point I made, how much time in the day do I have to do this? And so what about my numbers on it? Nobody cares about it. Maybe I made a mistake or so. I came up with this idea, “What if we create a giant sort of calculation system in a website where the crowd ends up doing this, puts together those numbers, then shares all those assumptions and the outcome into the public stage, this space associated with that project? And everybody can look at it and sort of grumble about this number and that number, copy it, tweak it, change it, submit it, and all of a sudden you have an intelligent discussion going on by these anonymous members of the crowd, and you can suddenly see a distribution of what the expected outcome is.”

This is really critical for the market, because in the junior space, resource junior space, it has lost its audience. The brokers don’t play this network hub role anymore, where they call up people and tell them, “Oh, this is really great. You need to buy it. It’s going to be like a $10 stock.” That doesn’t happen anymore, and just looking at technical analysis, well, then you’re competing against the algo traders, so your ordinary retail investor has really no chance just doing technical day trading. The resource sector, because of its complexity, because of the public’s inability to see what would be the reward if everything actually becomes reality, it has killed the market, and I’ve created this as a way of reviving the market, making it easier for the crowd to handicap the potential outcome, to share in a public space, and then everybody can trade. You know, they can say, “No, this is BS. Wits 2.0 is never going to happen,” so they’re going to short it or sell it. Others will say, “No, no. This is going to happen.”

But all of a sudden you have the market trading becomes intelligent, rather than just being a random event where the algo traders have the upper hand, because they can always sell short on the down take, and crush the bid, and totally discourage the market. Now, you can actually see, well, given the consensus expectation, now it’s being pressured to the lower end, so now value hunters can come into the market, and it will even be the algos themselves who will see, “Okay, this is about as low as we can push this stock right now. Now we’ll go in there.” And you’ll get trading volatility within constrained ranges, backed by what I call the rational speculation model, and tied to the crowd’s expectations. Those expectations will, of course, adjust to new results by the company, so the company goes and drills, drills down dip, gets assays, starts demonstrating what the average grade is going to be. The crowd has to adjust its expectations always to the flow of fundamental data, so it’s dynamic in that sense. In the sense that we don’t know what the results will be. We have hopes and expectations, but we now, with this share collective, we have a means to track, “How is reality matching up to expectations?”

And more interestingly, what the share collective also enables is a second level of gambling. Not just gambling on what the truth machine’s going to churn up out of the ground, but also gambling on the behavior of the crowd. I mean, right now you can look at this Novo Resources Corp and its Karratha project in Western Australia. There’s three competing theories. One is that this gold nugget thing will never amount to anything. Another is, yes, it’ll amount to something, but it’s a local freak show. There’s maybe going to be 10 million ounces there, and who knows what it’s going to be worth. Then there’s the third, grander hypothesis, which is while this company has staked 10,000 square kilometers, and this is actually another version of the Witwatersrand Reef, which has over two billion ounces in it in these reef-style conglomerate bins, and this company has tied up probably two-thirds of the available stock and potentially owns the future of gold production.

You have these different scenarios in there, and the public can bet as to which one they want to support. Right now, we’re in the roller coaster stage of the market trying to figure out, “Okay, is this thing just going to be nothing, or is it going to be at least this 10 million ounce thing that suggests it could end up being worth maybe one to one-and-a-half billion? Or are we talking the off scale scenario where it could end up being a $50 to $100 stock that ends up supporting like a 10 to 15 billion dollar valuation, because this is the next Beric or Newmont in the making?”

Brian Leni: Yeah, it’s an interesting story.

John Kaiser: It is.

 

Brian Leni: Finally, for those looking to gain an edge in the resource sector, you need to check out John’s resource sector research portal, Kaiser Research Online.

What is the value proposition for Kaiser Research Online?

John Kaiser: Kaiser Research Online has two dimensions to it. One is, we have the whatever, 1500 Canadian and Australian resource companies in there. We have all their projects there. We track their financial status. We track the people. You can click on a people tree, and start seeing what other companies the insiders have been associated with, and there of course you look for the ones that are de-listed, and the best one are the ones that were de-listed because they were taken over at a premium, and of course the bad ones are those which simply died because management is incompetent. You have a way of figuring out something about the track record, without having spent the last 30 years watching this and knowing who is what. But the most important part of this dimension is, I have a search engine where you can put in company and project level criteria, and do a search which then displays all the companies with all the data, chart, and links to like the stock forums, and NCR, and all these things there so that you can do your homework.

This discarding, getting rid of them, 90% of the junk, and putting together a query of how you think the future’s going to unfold … You know, you think rare earth prices are going to go up, well who all has a rare earth deposit? Skip the companies that are hideously in debt, and then you narrow it down to that 10%, then you kind of do your own research. That’s the thing that costs $800 a year, or $250 every 90 days on an auto-renewal basis. The other part is, I am a stock picker, so I have my spec value hunter recommendations, which is anywhere from one to two dozen companies where I put out formal buy, buy and sell recommendations. These are the ones that I sift up. I’m like a super user of my own site. I filter through it and look for these things, and then cobble together a set of recommendations. If you pay the $250 on a non-auto renewal basis, you get 90 days of access to all the search engine, all that stock information, but then afterwards you get another 270 day access to just the spec value hunters, hunter stuff.

I have two audiences: Those who don’t really care what I pick, but use my portal as a research engine, and then the other is those who just want to follow my picks and don’t really want to do all this research on their own.

Brian Leni: Excellent. You know, there’s a ton of value there, and I suggest it to anybody who’s listening that they check it out. John, it’s been an absolute pleasure. Thank you very much for taking the time to answer my questions.

John Kaiser: Brian, thank you so much for doing this interview.

 

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Drug Lord Book Review – Drugs, Sex and Speculation

Drug Lord is the 2nd book of 7 in the High Ground Novel Series, written collaboratively by Doug Casey and John Hunt. Drawing on Casey’s experience as an international speculator and Hunt’s career as a medical doctor, Drug Lord tells a riveting tale about Charles Knight as he transitions into one of society’s unjustly besmirched and most politically incorrect occupations, a drug lord.

For those who haven’t read the first book in the High Ground Novel Series, Speculator, here’s a quick snapshot of how the main character, Charles Knight, developed into the man that we meet in Drug Lord.

Speculator tells the story of Charles Knight as he finds himself in the fictional West African country of Gondwana, where he’s performing his due diligence and investigating a junior gold mining company in which he has a major position.

What Knight finds will forever change him, because he’s given a crash course in some of the evils that lurk in our world. Knight is a curious young man of high moral character and, thus, won’t allow the fraud that he has uncovered to go without repercussion. Read my review of Speculator here.

 

Drug Lord

Drug Lord takes place seven years after Knight uncovers B-F Exploration’s fraud, and he’s making his way back to the United States, where he’s planning to use the culmination of what he’s learned, thus far, in his young life to disrupt the hypocritically governed pharmaceutical industry.

Knight’s plans are two-fold; distribute cheap generic brands of a few immensely popular drugs, including Viagra, and take a large speculative position in a small drug development company, Visioryme. This two pronged plan forces Knight to use his intuition and street smarts to navigate both the Federal Drug and Administration (FDA) hurdles and establish himself on the streets as a drug lord.

Knight is opposed by agents of the FDA, DEA, the newly formed Sybillene Eradication Task Force (SETF) and the return of Sabina Heidel, the sociopathic vixen from Speculator. The opposition is fierce and will stand at nothing to stop Knight, not even the killing of innocents.

 

Morality

In my opinion, the major theme found throughout the book is morality, and more specifically, living a moral life is not only a personal pursuit, but something that you should look for in other people, as well. Knight holds himself and the people he calls friends to a high moral standard. In a conversation between Knight and his business associate, Epsilon, where Epsilon asks why Knight let ‘the Fat Man,’ a drug cartel leader, live, Knight replies;

“I don’t know if it was wise, Epsilon…But the Fat Man didn’t attack us. So, for better or worse, I think we had no choice. Epsilon replies, ‘Let’s hope it works out for the best, Paladin.’ Charles frowned. In the dictionary, hope falls between hell and hysteria.” ~Drug Lord – pg.226

This is a very important conversation for two reasons: Firstly, Knight’s decision to not kill ‘the Fat Man’ was based on his morals; if the person hasn’t done wrong to me, I can’t do wrong to them. This ideology is the basis for how Knight acts and reacts to the world around him.

Secondly, from a speculation perspective, whenever you’re hoping for an outcome instead of having a calculated reason to believe in an outcome, you and your speculation are most likely doomed.

 

Anti-Depressant to Naked Emperor

A pivotal point in the story, Knight finds himself in the Capital Building before a committee of government officials. Knight has been called before this committee because Visioryme’s drug, Sybillene, a newly FDA-approved anti-depressant medication, is revealed to be a ‘truth serum,’ so to speak. When 10 times the recommended dosage is taken, it allows people to see through the smoke and mirrors of everything that’s a fraud in our society.

This off-label use is a threat not only to institutions like the FDA, but up to the highest cog on the chain, the United States government.  While the committee believes Knight will back down from their evil and immoral pursuit of shutting down the distribution of Sybillene, Knight has other ideas.

Knight says,

“There are essentially four ways to deal with evil. You can bow to it, and let it rule you. You can pretend it doesn’t exist. You can try to run, and hope it won’t find you. Or you can confront it, and attack it. Only the last alternative has a chance of success of more than a moment.” ~Drug Lord – pg.244

These courageous words speak a lot of truth; in the face of evil or adversity, what will you do? In my opinion, most of society pretends evil doesn’t exist, shutting off their ability to critically think through the trials and tribulations that are and will affect us as a society in the future.

Instead, the ‘thinking’ is left to government officials, primarily sociopaths, that seek to control and proliferate an agenda which doesn’t have the population’s best interests at heart. On a personal level, the older I get, the more I think that people are really only capable of effectively governing themselves, because although this comes with the stigma of being selfish, living our lives by a set of morals and the intention of our own success allows everyone in the society to prosper.

 

Concluding Thoughts

Today, in 2017, we stand on the precipice of major change because the world financial system is broken and will inevitably need to change. How and by whom it is changed will speak volumes about where society is from a cognitive perspective.

Sybillene or Naked Emperor, as it became more popularly known in the book, could be a metaphor for future events, however, it will come down to a choice; more of the status quo or can we make a dramatic change in the direction of liberty? Time will tell if we are true to ourselves.

To conclude, Drug Lord is a fantastic follow up in the High Ground Novel Series, one that will keep you glued to your seat as you follow Knight in his journey.  There are many lessons to be gleaned from this story, but at the very least, it’s highly entertaining! You won’t be disappointed.

 

Don’t want to miss a new investment idea, interview or financial product review? Become a Junior Stock Review VIP now – it’s FREE!

 

Until next time,

 

Brian Leni  P.Eng

Founder – Junior Stock Review

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Newfoundland & Labrador – A New Frontier for Gold Exploration

Anaconda Mining's Viking Project

Canada is well known for its gold mineralization; the Abitibi Greenstone Belt in Northern Ontario and Quebec, the Golden Triangle in Northern British Columbia and the White Gold District in the Yukon.

Anaconda Mining's Viking Project

Source: Anaconda Mining – Viking Project

Lesser known, but quickly emerging as the next frontier in Canadian gold mining exploration and development, is Newfoundland & Labrador (NL). Over the last year, NL has seen a staking rush and looks to be added to the list of world-class destinations for mineral exploration.

Fraser Institute Rankings - Canada

Source: Fraser Institute

This opinion is shared by the Fraser Institute, as it Ranks NL 5th in Canada and among the top in the world when it comes to mining investment attractiveness. The mining investment attractiveness score is a combination of the politics and, most importantly, the geological appeal of the region.

Examining the rankings, you can see that NL ranks ahead of a couple of the more well known Canadian provinces, Ontario and British Columbia.

Let’s take a look at why NL scores so well in politics and geologic attractiveness.

 

 

Newfoundland & Labrador’s Geology

NL’s Ministry of Natural Resources’ website has a tremendous library of resources available to anyone looking to learn what the island has to offer from a mineralization perspective.

The island can be broken down into 4 geological zones: (NL Ministry of Natural Resources)

  • Starting on the western most portion of the island, we have the Humber Zone, which hosts Mid-Paleozoic extensional cover basins, Siluro-Devonian plutonic & volcanic rocks and Early Paleozoic rift, slope, shelf and foreland basin-facies carbonate and siliciclastic rocks.
  • The Dunnage Zone sits on the Humber Zone’s eastern border and hosts Silurian marine to terrestrial volcano-sedimentary basins, Cambro-Ordovician marine volcanic and sedimentary rocks of arc and back-arc origin, including ophiolite.
  • The Gander Zone is found in two spots on the island, amongst or in the middle of the Dunnage zone and on the Dunnage Zone’s eastern border. The Gander Zone is considered by many to be the most prospective for gold exploration in the province. The Gander Zone is host to Silurian synkinematic granitoids and high-level Devonian plutons, Silurian metamorphosed Early Paleozoic quartz-rich terrigenous siliciclastics; Ordovician magmatic rocks.
  • Finally, the Avalon Zone makes up the eastern most portion of NL. It hosts Devonian terrestrial basins, Cambrian shallow-marine, shaley platformal cover, latest Neproterozoic (post-560 Ma) pull-apart basins and related peralkaline magmatic rocks and Neproterozoic (760-565 Ma) volcano-plutonic arc complexes and siliciclastic sedimentary basins overlain by shaley deltaic rocks.

 

The age, type and structure of the rock, especially in the Dunnage and Gander Zones, make them especially interesting for precious metals exploration. For me, I will be focusing on gold exploration and development companies in these regions, as I believe they have the highest probability of making and developing an economic discovery.

To note, most of the island of NL is covered with a glacial till or cover of some sort (most notably bogs), making the outcropping of mineralization much more rare than other provinces in Canada, where it is quite common.

This aspect of NL makes it that much more important to have a strong geological background in your exploration team, as they will be highly dependent upon their ability to interrupt much subtler geological information. NOTE: Pay close attention to the exploration teams for the companies you research, as they should (preferably) have a background in exploring in this type of terrain.

I had the chance to ask the CEO of Anaconda Mining, Dustin Angelo, and the CEO of Torq Resources, Michael Kosowan, a series of questions pertaining to the exploration and development of properties in NL. Who better to give us an idea of what it’s like to conduct mining business within the province than these two leaders?

 

Anaconda Mining

Anaconda Mining (ANX:TSXV)

Gold Producer, Developer and Explorer

CEO – Dustin Angelo

Anaconda Mining is a gold producer, explorer and property developer in Newfoundland & Labrador and Nova Scotia. Their main producing property, Point Rousse, produces roughly 16,000 oz of gold per year and is located on the Ming’s Bight Peninsula located in the Baie Verte Mining District. Anaconda’s other projects include Goldboro and Viking, which bring Anaconda’s total gold resource to over a million ounces and counting.

 

Torq Resources

Torq Resources (TORQ:TSXV)

Gold Explorer

CEO – Michael Kosowan

Torq Resources is a mineral exploration company with a goal to establish a tier-one mineral portfolio. Currently, Torq owns 120,000 hectares of prospective gold property in Newfoundland & Labrador. Torq is led by CEO, Michael Kosowan, and board members, Ivan Bebek and Shawn Wallace, who are serially successful entrepreneurs within the mining sector.

 

 

Brian: From a geological perspective, why explore for mineralization in Newfoundland & Labrador?

Anaconda Mining Inc. – CEO: Dustin Angelo

“The long geological history with diverse geological terranes that have seen multiple mountain building events and deep crustal scale fault zones lend themselves to strong potential for gold mineralization.  The Appalachians as a whole is a mountain belt that has not seen a lot of exploration for orogenic gold deposits despite similar age rocks throughout the globe (e.g. Lachlan fold belt in Eastern Australia) being a significant host for gold mineralization.  Recent discoveries and development projects (e.g. Valentine Lake, NL; Moose River Mines, NS) are starting to show the potential for the Appalachians to host large gold deposits.  Newfoundland is becoming a recognized place to look.”

 

Torq Resources – CEO: Michael Kosowan

“Newfoundland presents a significant underexplored opportunity for Torq and its shareholders. Early indications demonstrate the potential for orogenic and epithermal styles of gold mineralization. High grade gold intersections have been reported throughout central Newfoundland, as demonstrated by the recent success of Marathon Gold at Valentine Lake and Antler Gold at Wilding Lake. There are a number of structural scale suture zones and thrusts (large faults) which represent large scale fluid pathways which potentially have focused fluid flux along them and, if these fluids carried metals, there can be significant mineralization.”

 

Newfoundland & Labrador’s Base Metal Production

From a mining perspective, NL is most known for its base metals discoveries and production, with the Voisey’s Bay Discovery being the most famous, in my opinion. NL’s Ministry of Natural Resources released a report on the province’s mines in February of this year.

The report mainly covers the producing mines within the province, giving the reader an overview of the mine activities and some production statistics.

NL is currently home to 9 producing mines:

  1. Vale Newfoundland and Labrador Limited, Voisey’s Bay
  2. Iron Ore Company of Canada, Labrador City
  3. Tata Steel Minerals Canada Ltd., Menihek Area
  4. Atlantic Minerals Limited, Lower Cove
  5. Anaconda Mining Inc., Pine Cove – Open Pit Gold Mine
  6. Rambler Metals and Mining Canada Limited, Baie Verte Peninsula
  7. Barite Mud Services Inc., Buchans
  8. Hi-Point Industries Ltd., Bishop’s Falls
  9. Trinity Resources Ltd., Manueals

One of the graphs provided gives an overview of the gross value of mineral shipments over the last 8 years by metal type. The graph shows that, overwhelmingly, iron ore is the number one mineral export in the province, followed by nickel and copper.  This heavy dependency on base metals makes the province even more susceptible to the global economy and its ebbs and flows.

However, the current push towards making NL a world-class destination for precious metals exploration will help bring some much needed jobs to the province and further diversify its metal exports.

I asked the NL Ministry of Natural Resources,

“Currently, the majority of the mine production comes from base metals such as iron ore and nickel. Do you see progress in any other metal(s)? Possibly gold?”

*Answer provided on behalf of the Newfoundland & Labrador Ministry of Natural Resources:

“There are a number of advanced exploration projects for potential investment, including opportunities for gold, base metals, rare earths and other commodities. High gold prices as well as new gold discoveries and new analyses of public geo-scientific data are fueling gold exploration.

Marathon is continuing to advance exploration and increase reported resource for its Valentine Lake Gold Property located in Newfoundland. They have currently reported measured and indicated resources totaling 1,388,200 oz. of gold at 1.91 g/t and inferred resources totaling 766,500 oz. of gold at 2.24 g/t. Drilling in 2017 is continuing to focus on expanding the Marathon Deposit at surface and to depth.

Anaconda Mining is continuing to actively explore to expand its resources and extend the life of its existing mining operations. Rambler Metals and Mining is producing copper-gold concentrate at their Nugget Pond mill from the Ming Mine on the Baie Verte Peninsula.”

 

Brian: Will there be an attempt to grow the mining industry within the province? If so, how will it be done?

*Answer provided on behalf of the Newfoundland & Labrador Ministry of Natural Resources:

“To increase exploration and development activity we are working on sharing mineral information globally – similar to sharing seismic data with oil and gas companies around the globe. We believe this will help attract mineral exploration activity that has the potential to generate significant new industrial activity in the coming years. We are committed to working closely with the mining industry and the communities in which they operate to attract investment and develop the economy of Newfoundland and Labrador.”

 

Ultimately, I believe the future is bright for base metals, and today’s lows may be great buying opportunities. Gold discoveries and further promotion of NL’s prospective gold properties should help to spur further investment into the province and help diversify NL’s base metal mining dependency, as there is no better way to spur investment in a region than to have a major discovery!

 

Newfoundland & Labrador Infrastructure

A jurisdiction’s geology is of the utmost importance when it comes evaluating the value of a prospective property. However, while a nice high grade gold discovery is fantastic, if there’s no power or road access to the property, the sexy high grade gold can soon become just an average or uneconomic discovery.

While the island portion of NL is, comparatively to the rest of Canada, just starting a major push towards precious metals exploration, it has long been a logging province. For many of the current companies that own prospective properties within the province’s interior zones, these logging roads provide much needed access to some of the more remote land claims.

I posed the question regarding infrastructure to Angelo and Kosowan;

“Is Newfoundland & Labrador’s infrastructure conducive to exploring and developing mining properties? Please explain.”

 

Anaconda Mining Inc. – CEO: Dustin Angelo

“Newfoundland has excellent infrastructure to support exploration work. Much of the province is transected by provincial highways that access historic fishing communities along the coast.  The island has traditionally been logged for pulpwood and the island has an extensive network of logging roads that allow access to remote areas.  Small hydroelectric projects occur throughout much of the island and in tandem with numerous coastal communities means that electricity is generally fairly close to most exploration areas.

There is a strong geo-scientific community on the island and historical exploration data and drill core are available through the government. Skilled workforce trained in mining and exploration.”

 

Torq Resources – CEO: Michael Kosowan

“There is great infrastructure throughout the majority of Newfoundland. That said, parts of Newfoundland, particularly the Central region, are very remote. Ninety five percent of Torq’s properties are accessible from the ground via forestry roads. There is also an analytical laboratory located in nearby Springdale for processing samples. Gander, the closest major town, is adjacent to and provides excellent infrastructure to our Gander suite of claims.”

 

 

Mining as an Employer in Newfoundland & Labrador

Where does mining stand in NL’s employment rankings? Examining the table below, courtesy of Statistics Canada, mining represents 8.5% of the goods producing sector employment. For me, this is surprising as I would have thought that it would have represented a larger portion of the employment in the province already.

Maritime Province's Employment Numbers

Source: Statistics Canada

 

I asked Kosowan and Angelo,

“Does Newfoundland & Labrador have the available workforce to fill the needs of the growing mining sector?”

 

Anaconda Mining Inc. – CEO: Dustin Angelo

“Yes, there are a great number of local experienced workers plus an equal number that are working a rotation (Fort McMurray, diamond mines, Ontario mines while waiting for employment at home). With the downturn in Alberta and Labrador, Anaconda has seen a significant influx of skilled workers looking for jobs.”

 

Torq Resources – CEO: Michael Kosowan

“ Yes, it does indeed − both in numbers and in experience. Torq attended the CIM conference in St. John’s last November (called Stratton Resources, at the time) and we were very impressed with the number of experienced prospectors and exploration services companies. Torq recently completed a regional scale sampling program with 90% of the crew residing in Newfoundland.”

 

While mining isn’t currently the largest employer in the province, mining jobs are typically well paid and, therefore, usually a priority for any provincial government. In the next section of this report, I will cover NL politics and how the provincial government is looking to increase the number of mining related jobs through improving its mining investment attractiveness.

 

 

 

Newfoundland & Labrador Politics

To many, the biggest risk associated with speculating in junior mining companies is the risk associated with the jurisdiction in which the company is exploring, developing or producing. Interestingly, not only do you have to look at a country’s overall politics, but it’s an absolute must to review the state or provincial politics to gain a sense of the amount of risk you are taking on.

Provincially, NL is governed by the Liberals, who have been in power since 2015. The Conservatives and Liberals have flip flopped control of the province since NL became a part of Canada in 1949.

How do the NL Liberals approach mining? I did a little digging and found their platform from the beginning of their term, called their Five Point Plan. On page 15 of that document, there are two paragraphs on the promotion of growth in mining. The Liberals say,

“Despite challenges associated with fluctuating commodity markets, the mining industry remains a valuable contributor to the provincial economy with strong potential for recovery and growth in the coming years. Liberals believe in continued development through industry partnerships and innovation, while also ensuring that benefits are maximized for local economic regions where mining operations take place.” ~ Five Point Plan

 

On page 15 of the Liberal government’s Five Point Plan, they outline a few points regarding the mining industry and what they wish to address during their term. How is that plan progressing?

*Answer provided on behalf of the Newfoundland & Labrador Ministry of Natural Resources:

“As a province, we support growth in the mineral industry through prospector training and mentoring, the mineral incentive program, which supports grassroots prospectors and junior mining companies, public geo-science, the core storage program, promotions, and efficient and transparent regulation.

In 2016, 21,000 claims were staked in the province, just over three times the amount staked in 2015, and the most in the last five years. We want to ensure that everyone, every growing company, has the opportunity to learn, grow and advance their operations. To support development and to streamline processes, government has created industry facilitators.

Assigned among existing staff, these facilitators will liaise with companies in early stages of exploration and development to guide them through the provincial policy and regulatory frameworks, helping facilitate their progress.

The industry facilitators also connect with our colleagues in other departments to ensure the companies they work with get timely support from departments across government.

Having this kind of support available to mining companies will help them navigate the various supports and regulatory functions so they can operate successfully in the province, now and well into the future.

By creating an attractive environment for exploration, we are strengthening the industry, and growing private sector jobs and the economy throughout our province.”

 

Further, I asked Kosowan and Angelo,

“Is Newfoundland & Labrador’s provincial government focused on improving its investment attractiveness for mining? If so, how?”

 

Anaconda Mining Inc. – CEO: Dustin Angelo

“Yes, since the Liberal Government came in during late 2015, it has made a concerted effort to diversify away from the oil and gas sector. Anaconda has had several conversations with the relevant ministers and the Premier about focusing on mining. The government is working on mining centres of excellence in conjunction with its college campus system. From a financing standpoint, the government provides loans through the Department of Business, Trade, Culture and Rural Development to help companies, including mining companies, fund innovation initiatives. Anaconda has been the recipient of such loans. In addition, the Department of Natural Resources has embarked on a restructuring to better serve mining companies who are permitting for various activities.

Lastly, the Provincial Government funds the “Junior Exploration Assistance Program” (JEA), which aims to grow the mineral inventory of the Province through the discovery of new mineral districts, occurrences, prospects and deposits. Anaconda has benefitted from JEA as well as the provincial Research & Development Council (RDC), and federally from Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency (ACOA) and the Industrial Research Assistance Council (IRAP). Recent financial support was received to develop technology for narrow vein mining.”

 

Torq Resources – CEO: Michael Kosowan

“Yes. They have a very well set up mineral incentive program through the Department of Natural Resources.  This program provides rebates through the Junior Exploration Assistance Program (JEA). Grants top out at $150K in Newfoundland and $225K in Labrador. The 2017 budget is $1.3M and there were 39 JEA applicants this year. Additionally, the Newfoundland Geoscience Atlas website is a phenomenal source for minerals data including, but not limited to, downloadable claims, mineral occurrences, historic drilling, geology, available geophysical surveys and geology. The online staking system is also quite handy. The online staking and Geoscience Atlas make exploring in Newfoundland that much easier.

True story: in 2016, Torq’s prospectors filed more claims than the government’s online intake system could handle, and inadvertently crashed it. News spread, and Newfoundland is now considered, by some, to be the next hotbed of mineral exploration.

There is also the Matty Mitchell Prospectors Resource Room which is designed to help local prospectors connect with juniors through major companies. The majority of the historic drill core is available for viewing and sampling at core facilities throughout Newfoundland. Lastly, the Geologic Survey Division is well set up and open to meeting with industry and disseminating their knowledge. They are well staffed with some fantastic geologists who have a wide range of expertise.”

 

 

Newfoundland & Labrador First Nations

Not just in Canada, but around the world, First Nations’ involvement in mining are met with trepidation by investors. This isn’t without cause, as in the past and I’m sure in the future, disputes over the development of First Nations’ lands into producing mines will be disputed.  However, there are many First Nations which welcome mining into their communities, along with the cash flow and improvements that typically follow with the development of an operating mine.

 

 In my research, I found that the Mi’kmaq First Nations occupy some areas in Newfoundland, with their main reserve in Conne River. Excluding Labrador, do the Mi’kmaq First Nations or any other First Nations control any lands that are being mined or have the potential to be explored and developed in the future?

*Answer provided on behalf of the Newfoundland & Labrador Ministry of Natural Resources:

“First Nations on the island of Newfoundland are encouraged to participate in any public regulatory review process in which they are interested, and we often work bilaterally with each of the First Nations to address concerns related to areas of local or cultural significance to the First Nations, regardless of Aboriginal rights to the lands in question (The Mi’kmaq First Nations do not have Section 35 rights of the Constitution Act on the island of Newfoundland).”

Past is typically prologue, so looking at a First Nations’ track record in negotiating land development is key, in my opinion, to understanding the risks associated with investing in a company which is exploring or developing a property in a First Nations’ controlled area.

 

Newfoundland and Labrador have 3 groups of First Nations peoples: the Inuit, the Innu, and the Mi’kmaq. Let’s take a closer look.

Inuit

The Inuit communities are found along the north coast of Labrador. The people of these communities are descendants of the prehistoric Thule, a marine oriented group of hunters, which were drawn to the north coast of Labrador due its abundance of both marine and land wildlife. The Thule are originally from Alaska and moved across to the Arctic and further east to Greenland and the Labrador coast around 1250 AD.

The Nunatsivut First Nations are a self governing community in Labrador of Inuit descent. The Nunatsivut  have 55,000 square miles of land which they are willing to develop if the opportunity presents itself, as they describe in this quote,

“We have a lot to offer including 55,000 square miles of land that is rich in natural resources; a recognized and responsible self-government; a willing and innovative workforce; and a challenging but rewarding climate for new ideas and businesses. Our goal is to create long-term benefits for our people.” ~ Nunatsiavu

 

Mi’kmaq

The Mi’kmaq First Nations are located on the island of Newfoundland. While they were recognized by the Government of Canada in 2011 as an indigenous Band, the Mi’kmaq do not have Section 35 rights of the Constitution Act on the island of Newfoundland. What does that mean? Section 35 provides Aboriginals with constitutional protection on fishing, logging, hunting and the right to land.

The Miawpukek First Nations (Conne River) community, the largest of the Mi’kmaq, is located in an area known as the “Coast of Bays Region,” which is on the south coast of Newfoundland. The community is approximately 224 km south of Gander and has approximately 787 on-reserve members and 1779 off-reserve members.

Qalipu is a Mi’kmaq First Nation located in Newfoundland which has no reserve land. The Qalipu community is made up of 66 traditional Mi’kmaq communities, spread out across 9 different electoral wards. Offical Qalipu offices are held by community reps in Corner Brook, Glenwood, Grand Falls-Windsor and St. George’s, giving the widespread Qalipu community representation.

 

Innu

The Innu First Nations  (Naskapi-Montagnais) are located in central Labrador and are made up of two main communities, Sheshatshiu and Natuashish.  The roughly 2200 members of the Innu community elect a Band counsel which represents the community’s need and concerns.

In 2001, they established the Innu Business Development Centre (IBDC) to formally deal with companies that want to conduct business with their community. An example of a successful negotiation with a mining company is with Inco, now Vale, on a mining royalty for the Voisey’s Bay Project.

 

Two Final Questions Regarding Newfoundland & Labrador

Finally, before making my concluding remarks, here are two final questions which I posed to my three interviewees:

 What differentiates Newfoundland & Labrador as a destination for mining versus the rest of Canada?

 

Anaconda Mining Inc. – CEO: Dustin Angelo

“Newfoundland and Labrador has a young mineral tenure system.Modern claim staking began in the late 1970’s. Prior to that, the only exploration undertaken was on Charter Land. The advent of the mineral tenure system in the late 1970s led to a boom in gold and base metal discoveries in 1980s to present. As such, gold exploration in Newfoundland is still relatively shallow compared to the Timmins area, for example (over 1.5km deep).

There are 722 gold showings on the island. The Baie Verte Peninsula went from ~ 35 to 150+ during the exploration boom in the mid 80’s with 4 gold deposits discovered on this peninsula alone. Several new discoveries in recent years illustrate the potential (ie: Argyle, Wilding Lake, Frank Zone, Hope Brook).”

 

Torq Resources – CEO: Michael Kosowan

“Newfoundland is differentiated by the lack of exploration history by juniors. The island has really only been open for exploration for about 25 years.  The vast majority of Newfoundland was tied up in leases or grants to the big forestry companies until recently.”

 

*Answer provided on behalf of the Newfoundland & Labrador Ministry of Natural Resources:

“Mining is one of the oldest and leading industries in Newfoundland and Labrador and is a major contributor to our economy. Today, more than 5000 people are employed in the industry, particularly in rural communities, and almost $3 billion in mineral shipments are forecast. Globally, Newfoundland and Labrador is currently ranked 16th on the Fraser Institute’s 2016 International Mining Survey as one of the most attractive jurisdictions worldwide for investment attractiveness.

Our diversified minerals industry provides a wide variety of commodities to the world market. Eleven mineral commodities are produced or mined in the province. Five metal mines currently produce: iron ore, nickel, copper, cobalt, silver, and gold. In Newfoundland and Labrador, we have armed ourselves with public geo-science, clear regulations and support for prospectors and junior mining companies through the Mineral Incentive Program, all in order to create the greatest opportunity for exploration and development.

We are also doing more work online and providing services and information through a digital format. One of the services we provide is our online mineral staking system or MIRIAD – which was the first of its kind in Canada. Development of MIRIAD began in 2002 with the system going live on February 28, 2005. This is a great resource that gives companies or individuals the ability to obtain the mineral rights of an area by staking a claim online from anywhere in the world. We also make geo-science data publicly available for free through the Geological Survey’s Geo-science Online (Geo-science Atlas). Online geo-science data has been available to the public for the past 20 years.

And, we are moving to establish online services to help increase exploration and development activity. The Department of Natural Resources plans to share core sample information with more companies worldwide through digitization and web access.

We believe this will help attract mineral exploration activity that has the potential to generate significant new industrial activity in the coming years.”

 

 

What are the greatest challenges for exploring and developing mineral properties in Newfoundland? 

“The greatest challenges for exploration on the island is the generally extensive glacial till cover and presence of extensive bogs, lakes and ponds across much of the island.  These obscure the geochemical and geophysical signature of low lying areas (valleys that are host to faults, eroded alteration zones) that potentially host mineralization.

In some areas that have some of the best potential there is a lack of systematic geo-scientific and exploration data that requires companies to start from scratch.”

Anaconda Mining Inc. – CEO: Dustin Angelo

 

“We’ve had very few challenges. We see opportunity and significant potential in Newfoundland. The remoteness is one of the attractions, as it has led to the Island being underexplored historically. As frontiersmen, this excites us.

Torq searches the globe for high-quality precious metals assets. We’re looking for the next big discovery. Our team is visionary and not bound by convention. We have the confidence and budget to conduct grassroots exploration. We also have the experience and tenacity to manage the risks for which the majors have little appetite. Exploring Newfoundland and unlocking its value is our first step in building a world-class portfolio.”

Torq Resources – CEO: Michael Kosowan

 

 

 

Concluding Thoughts

Summarizing my thoughts on Newfoundland & Labrador, I believe it’s a province which is set to play a much larger role in Canada’s mining industry in the years ahead. Newfoundland checks all the boxes when it comes to being a desirable jurisdiction for investment:

  • Newfoundland & Labrador’s geology has long been associated with base metals such as iron ore and nickel, however, I think this is quickly changing as a number of precious metals companies look to explore and develop some highly prospective properties. Comparatively to the rest of Canada, NL is under explored, especially for precious metals, such as gold.
  • Newfoundland & Labrador encourages mineral exploration within its borders with the Junior Exploration Assistance Program (JEA). While the available funds in the program are small, it is a step in the right direction towards encouraging mining investment in Newfoundland & Labrador.
  • Newfoundland & Labrador has a workforce which is accustomed to heavy industry. With low oil prices hurting the oil fields of Alberta, many native Newfoundlanders are finding their way back to the island and with them comes multiple years of heavy industrial experience. As properties develop, there is both a workforce to fill the needed positions and the infrastructure to produce and export their goods.
  • The people of Newfoundland & Labrador have consistently voted for Conservative and Liberal governments since joining Canada in 1949. I expect this tradition to continue, which presents a stable political landscape for mining companies looking to explore and develop properties within its borders.
  • From an investment standpoint, First Nations’ involvement in the mining sector can cause trepidation for the investor. In Newfoundland’s case, this isn’t an issue, as the First Nations do not control any large blocks of land that are prospective for mineralization. NOTE, this is a different story for Labrador.

 

Newfoundland & Labrador is a great jurisdiction for mining and is a place where I ‘m looking to deploy some of my investment dollars. Stay tuned for future articles on specific companies that have garnered my interest.

 

Don’t want to miss a new investment idea, interview or financial product review? Become a Junior Stock Review VIP now – it’s FREE!

 

Until next time,

 

Brian Leni  P.Eng

Founder – Junior Stock Review

 

 

Disclaimer: The following is not an investment recommendation, it is an investment idea. I am not a certified investment professional, nor do I know you and your individual investment needs. Please perform your own due diligence to decide whether this is a company(s) and sector that is best suited for your personal investment criteria. I do own Anaconda Mining shares. I do not currently own Torq Resources shares. I have NOT been compensated to write this article.

 

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A Conversation with Maria Smirnova – Silver, Gold on Steroids

Maria Smirnova

Speculating is a risky business but it’s the risk that makes such high returns possible.  Today, I’m sharing an interview with someone who manages risk on a daily, weekly, monthly and yearly basis as a Senior Portfolio Manager with Sprott Asset Management.

Maria Smirnova has been with Sprott for more than 12 years, is currently the sole manager of the Sprott Silver Equities Class, and part of a team that manages the Sprott Gold and Precious Minerals Fund.

Recently, I had the chance to speak to Smirnova about the current silver market, her outlook for the rest of the year, and the biggest risks in the silver market.

Without further ado, A Conversation with Maria Smirnova.

Enjoy!

 

 

Brian: What brought you to where you are today, or more specifically, can you tell me a little about your career experience?  

Maria: I started at Sprott in 2005 and was hired by Eric Sprott when he was still actively involved in the business. Coincidently, it was the middle of the gold bull run, so it was a good time and Eric needed more people to help him look at the mining equities.

When I started, Eric asked me to look at base metals, which I did for a couple of years. Then I moved on to gold, as well, and I’ve been doing that ever since.

Today, I’m part of our precious metals team, which means I’m responsible for advising all our precious metals mandates, when it comes to gold and silver. My passion project, of course, is Sprott Silver Equities Class, which is solely invested in companies that explore for and mine silver.

 

Brian: Since you are the Sprott Silver Equities Class Portfolio Manager, I would like to focus my questions on silver.

2016 was a great year for silver, as the price rose from its bottom around USD $15/oz and almost hit USD $21/oz.  Moving into 2017, we’ve seen a couple of spikes in price, but haven’t been able to break USD $18.56.

What’s your outlook for silver for the remainder of 2017?

Maria: Of course, as Sprott, we’re bulls on silver and gold. Interestingly, however, we became really bullish at the beginning of last year, when the Bank of Japan adopted negative interest rates.

We had a bear market in precious metals that lasted four years. What changed was, in the beginning of last year, we realized that while the world has been quantitative easing, what we’re really seeing driving gold and silver, specifically, is real rates in the US dollar, the Japanese yen, etc.

Our call was that real rates will remain low, even though the Fed is talking about raising rates, our thesis still remains that the world, largely due to demographic factors, is not experiencing the same levels of growth as it has in the past.

Populations the world over are getting older. They’re consuming less and, therefore, it’s hard to stimulate the economy to grow faster. Whereas in the past, the normal growth rate would be 4% or 5%, now it’s down to 2%. In China, of course, it’s higher – but you can’t always believe their numbers.

In this environment, the Fed is the bellwether. The Fed sets the tone for the rest of the world and, yes, they’re raising rates, but we think that there’s limited ability for them to do so. In fact, the natural interest rate is actually lower than it has been – and that’s good for gold. Therefore, coincidentally, it’s very good for silver.

Back to your original question of what the outlook for silver is for the remainder of the year. It’s hard for me to see much downside for silver at these levels. We’ve come off a high of $21 last year and now it’s at $16.50. Basically, if you go much lower, companies will go back to environments where they don’t make money.

In that environment, production will have to start coming off and the supply-demand-balance will be pressured and, as it is, I would say that from the physical perspective, silver has been in a physical supply deficit for three or four years now.

What drives silver demand, there’s a lot of industrial uses, but what really drives the growth has been investment demand; ETF inventories have grown to 667 million ounces right now, and even in the bear market were stable, there were no outflows. There were some outflows earlier this year, and at the end of last year, after Trump won, but also towards the end of April.

Since the end of April, we’ve regained all that we lost. Coin and bar demand, in the last few years, has been really strong. Again, it came off at the end of last year with sentiment declining, but that will resume. Also, there were some things that happened in India that probably drove physical demand down, but that should stabilize.

From a physical metal perspective, the fundamentals I see are fantastic for silver. On the mine side, of course, my predicament is that I don’t see a lot of discoveries. I don’t see a lot of projects being built and that means that the mine supply will be constrained.

Also, scrap is a big component of the supply, which has fallen off in the last few years. Even last year, with the silver price rising, we didn’t see an uptick in scrap supply. I found that very interesting.

Again, the price rose to $21 from $14 or so, and you would expect that scrap supply should increase as price is price sensitive. So, if price rises, there should be more ounces coming to market, but I think that it was exactly the same as in 2015. So, from the physical market perspective, it’s very supportive of the price.

From a macroeconomic/sentiment perspective, like I said, it’s already come off quite a bit and we are positive on the outlook for gold for the second half of the year.  We’ve had two hikes in the U.S. since the Trump election, so all the exuberance and optimism of Trump has been priced into the market.

If anything, we see potential for disappointments in the economic data going forward, economic data has been softer recently in the US. Auto sales are softer, other economic data are softer. This will all put pressure on the Fed, making it a lot harder for them to raise rates. Right now, I believe they’re talking about two more hikes for this year. I think there will likely be one by the end of the year.

 

Brian: The resource market is synonymous with volatility and the last 6 months haven’t disappointed from that perspective. Volatility in the markets isn’t a bad thing, but for some, it can prove unnerving.  In particular, silver is especially volatile and suits the “gold on steroids” handle that it’s often given.

In your opinion, what is it that makes the silver market more volatile than, say, gold?

Maria: Number one, the fact that silver is much more accessible than gold to retail or smaller investors. Silver’s price per ounce is materially lower, which makes it easier to buy in smaller increments. Hence why I go back to investment demand, when there’s positive sentiment, we’ve seen tremendous Silver Eagle coin sales.

I think last year, in 2015, there’s been a lot of growth in retail demand for silver products and that’s to do with the lower unit price. It’s easier to buy silver than it is gold. So, when there’s demand and the sentiment is positive, the price percentage rise can go up more than gold.

The second factor is how much is available to invest. In silver’s case, it’s much less than it is for gold. GFMS estimates about 187,000 metric tons total have been mined over our history. If we subtract jewelry and what’s held in central banks, that leaves us with 65,000 metric tons of above ground investable gold, which is worth about $2.6 trillion. We can say that’s the investable gold universe.

On the silver side, we calculated about $47 billion. That’s a huge difference. If people are moving towards these metals and trying to buy them, from a dollar perspective the silver pool is much less. If there’s demand, incremental price movements will be amplified in silver.

 

Brian: We all need to manage risk in our portfolios. Whether it’s jurisdictional risk, metal price risk or exploration risk, risk in the resource market is viewed in a slightly different light depending on who you talk to.

In your opinion, where is the most risk in the silver market as a whole, currently?

Maria:  As far as the companies are concerned, it’s price risk that they’re most sensitive to. From a jurisdictional risk perspective, Mexico has been quite stable, and if you look at other producing countries, like Peru and Chile, they’ve been quite politically stable, too. If it’s an exploration company, it’ll have the exploration risk. If it’s a producer, there could be operational risks or price risk, which would be greater as your revenues depend on it.

So, to me, in any commodity, the metal the price risk is the biggest factor. Because you can try to manage around the other things.

 

Brian: People are widely accepted as the most important facet of any junior resource company.

Outside of a proven track record of success, in your opinion, are there any characteristics that are commonly shared by successful people in the resource sector? Characteristics that investors should look for?

Maria: That’s an interesting question. What sets some managers apart from others? Outside of me saying “the right time at the right place,” which, by the way, for some of the really well-known guys, has been the case. I think to be successful in mining you have to be able to dream and you have to be able to take on risk and see the bigger picture.

If you’re not a risk-taker in mining, you won’t succeed because you don’t know what’s in the ground until, literally, it’s been produced. When I say you need to see the bigger picture, what I mean is that if you’re a geologist, sometimes you can get too caught up in the rocks, get excited about the geology or the structures you’re seeing, and forget that you actually need to find an economic deposit.

To me, the guy who’s going to be successful is the one who’s going to be able to put together a multitude of factors, infrastructure, grade, size, metallurgy, and see the potential to have a great mine, and their ability to market, as well.

I think the CEOs that I’ve seen, be it a woman or a man, that have been successful with their companies, are the people who can promote what they’re doing, who are able to foster relationships not just with investors but with communities, because community relationship is hugely important in mining.

And that is kind of marketing, too. You’re forming relationships with all the stakeholders around you. So people skills are quite important, as well. You can’t just be technically strong, you have to also be people strong.

 

Brian: Technology is rapidly improving, improving so quickly that many believe that in the next 10 years, we will see more advancements than we did in the last 100 combined.

How do you think this technological advancement will affect the mining industry?

Maria: That’s also an interesting question because, I would argue, we haven’t seen nearly the amount of technological ingenuity in the mining sector as we have in so many other sectors. In many ways, the miners do the same thing they did 100 years ago. So, to me, I would love to see advancements in technology in mining. That would lead to better safety, fewer casualties.

I would love to see some improvement, some kind of creativity on how you mine to improve economics, how you recover the metal, and all of this will lead to, again, safer mines, better environmentally-friendly mines, fewer environmental disasters. It would, hopefully, even improve the image people have of mining.

So, actually, that’s something I would love to see more often in the industry.

  

Brian: What are the advantages of investing in a fund, such as your Sprott Silver Equities Class, versus buying individual companies?

Maria: Number one, diversification. Mining is a dangerous business. Mining is a risky business. As I said, unless you’re a dreamer you likely won’t succeed. So you want to have a basket of names, be it in a fund or be it in a portfolio. You can’t just own one or two names, you really do need to have a few to even out the operational risk and the political risk.

And the second advantage of the fund would be that, over time, my goal, as a portfolio manager, is to lose less money in downturns, i.e. preserve capital through being in cash or cash equivalents, to the loading of the portfolio with more beta when I think that the market will rock and my job is to find new stories that will lead to exciting discoveries in the future. Not everyone has the time to do that and that’s my job; so that’s why we have funds.

  

Silver truly is gold on steroids. For those with the intestinal fortitude to navigate its volatility, tremendous gains should be made in the months and years ahead. It has been said by many that people are what make a company a success. Do your diligence and find the people who are serially successful in the companies that they create, and you will be successful during this precious metals bull market.

For those who want exposure to silver but don’t have the time or expertise to pick the right companies to invest in, you may want to check out Maria’s Sprott Silver Equities Class. Buying funds, such as this, put your investing dollars in the hands of a professional and give you great odds at being successful in any market.

Finally, the Sprott Natural Resource Symposium held in Vancouver this July, offers a great value proposition, as Sprott has handpicked a group of speakers and companies that have out-performed the broader junior resource market in each of the last 4 years. If you’re going to attend just one natural resource conference, this is it.

 

Don’t want to miss a new investment idea, interview or financial product review? Become a Junior Stock Review VIP now – it’s FREE!

 

Until next time,

 

Brian Leni  P.Eng

Founder – Junior Stock Review

 

Disclaimer – The following is not an investment recommendation. I am not a certified investment professional, nor do I know you and your individual investment needs. Please perform your own due diligence.

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Podcast #2 – Junior Mining Stock Speculation in Uncertain Times

Junior Stock Review Logo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_-gWGhXYkh4

 

Today’s podcast is in response to the vast number of questions I have received asking about a coming market crash. Readers asked, how do you deal with the possibility of a future crash in the market?

For me personally, although I do believe that with each passing year since the 2008 crash, we are more likely to see another, I try not to change my approach to speculation, just the amount of cash I dedicate to it.

Why don’t I change my approach and speculate in something less risky?

First, the timing of these things is impossible to gauge, as the influx of cash by the central banks into our global monetary system has created a circumstance which is really hard to gauge, as we haven’t seen money printing on this scale before.

Second, from an investment perspective I don’t see a lot of value out there. The broader market is hitting all time highs each year, leading me to believe that a top is near.

Third, I accept the higher risk of speculating in junior mining companies as a trade off to the chance for higher than average gains. In times where political intervention has never been more pronounced, more and more people are speculators, even without knowing it!

A balanced approach to life and speculation is needed during these times of uncertainty. In my opinion a balanced approach to speculation means having a higher portion of your portfolio in cash or bullion. This allows you capitalize on a market when it does crash and in the same breath gives you the peace of mind knowing that you aren’t risking it all.

As the years have passed since the 2008 crash, the amount of cash I hold in my portfolio has steadily increased, but the way I speculate hasn’t. Personally, I strive to buy value in the market, which typically leads me into buying companies in sectors which are hated.

Along with buying value, when I finally find a company which I believe gives me a reasonable risk to reward ratio, I take a large enough position to ensure that I am paid for my patience and hard work.

Early on in my speculating career I took far too many small positions, which turned out to be great picks, but after hitting a 5 bagger, I was left with an amount of money that while being more than I started with, really didn’t make much of a difference in my overall wealth.

There are many different methods for being successful in the junior resource sector, but one thing that I think is important no matter what, is discipline. Having the discipline to stick to a method that works for you is integral for success in any market.

 

Disclaimer: This is not investment advice or a recommendation. I’m not an investment professional, nor do I know you and your specific investment criteria. Please do your own due diligence.

 

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Solitario Exploration & Royalty: Offering A Great Value Proposition in this Zinc Bull Market

Solitario Exploration & Royalty

I’m bullish on the price of zinc. For those who may have missed it, here’s a link to Part 1 and Part 2 of Zinc’s Bullish Narrative, which I wrote last month.  After hitting a low of $0.66/lbs in the beginning of 2016, the zinc price rose off of its bottom, hitting a high of $1.33/lbs early in 2017.

 

Zinc Price

Source: London Metals Exchange

 

The price has since corrected, currently sitting at roughly $1.12/lbs, and a lot of people are asking, ‘is the zinc bull market over?’ In my opinion, definitely not.

Simply put,  inventories are still falling without the aid of new supply coming online. I believe the cure for low prices is low prices, and while that still may be a few months away, I’ve found a company which has interests in a highly leveraged zinc deposit in a great mining jurisdiction. It gets even better, because their 30%  interest in the project is further strengthened by the fact that they will not have to pay a cent in the development of the asset, right through to production as Milpo will lend Solitario the construction funding necessary to maintain its 30% interest in the project.

Further, this company is currently awaiting the conclusion of a deal with another large, high-grade zinc deposit, which sits at the foot of the giant zinc mine, Teck’s Red Dog.

This company is cashed up and led by an experienced and savvy management team, which is dedicated to bringing value to its shareholders. This company is Solitario Exploration and Royalty Corporation.

Let’s take a closer look!

 

 

Solitario Exploration and Royalty (SLR:TSX, XPL:NYSE)

MCAP – 38.6 million (at the time of writing this report)

Shares – 38,685,189

Fully Diluted – 38,685,189

Cash – roughly USD $17 million in cash or cash equivalents – Q1 Financial Report shows $14.9 million in short-term investments, which I’m told are U.S. Treasury Securities and Bank CDs.

 

Solitario’s People

Solitario is led by CEO, Christopher E. Herald, who is a geologist by trade, having received a B.Sc. in geology from the University of Notre Dame, and a M.Sc. in geology from the Colorado School of Mines. Herald has been with Solitario since 1992, starting out as a Director and then taking on the CEO position in 1999. Prior to Solitario, Herald was President and CEO of Crown Resources Corp., which was sold to Kinross Gold.  Prior to Crown, Mr. Herald was a senior geologist with both Echo Bay Mines and Anaconda Minerals.

Walter H. Hunt is Solitario’s COO, a position he has held since 2008. Hunt’s work history is closely tied to Herald’s, having worked for Echo Bay Mines, Anaconda and Noranda in various senior roles. Hunt is a geologist by trade, having received his B.Sc. from Furman University, and a M.Sc. from the Colorado School of Mines. Before becoming COO of Solitario, Hunt was VP of Operations and President of Solitario’s South American Operations, positions he held since 1999.

Solitario’s Corporate Officers are rounded out by James R. Maronick, who is the company’s CFO.  Maronick is an accountant by trade, having received a B.A. in accounting from the University of Notre Dame, and a M.A. in finance from the University of Denver.

NOTE: Solitario is formerly the South American portion or subsidiary of Crown Resources, of which Herald, Hunt and Maronick were all a part. Crown owned the Buckhorn Mountain Gold Project in Washington State, which was sold to Kinross in 2006 for around $220 million. Solitario is now the sole focus of the management team, a team which has led the company through multiple commodities cycles, while minimally diluting its shareholders; not many companies are able to check off those two boxes!

Solitario’s management has set itself up well to capitalize on a zinc market which, in my opinion, is set to get hot as supply is falling short of demand. Let’s take a look at the properties in which Solitario has an interest.

 

Properties

Bongará Zinc Project

  • The Bongará Zinc Project is located in the Eastern Cordillera of Peru at the sub-Andean front in the upper Amazon River Basin. 680 km north-northeast of Peru’s capital Lima and 245 km northeast of Chiclayo.

Solitario Bongara Peru

Source: 43-101 Technical Report – pg.4

  • The location of Bongará is remote, which will certainly add cost to the infrastructure needed to run a mine. Workforce for a mine is another potential question mark. The Technical Report says the following,

“High-relief terrain and high annual rainfall are conditions affecting development, especially in the area of infrastructure construction and process/tailings containment and stability. Politically and socially, however, the development of a mining operation at this location is considered low risk as many of the local residents are already employed or seeking employment with Votorantim.” ~43-101 Technical Report – pg. 137

  • By the end of 2017, the project will be fully accessible from the main highway via a 35 km road. In addition, further road construction will be completed on the property, as Milpo will construct roads to access some of the deeper areas of the property for exploration.
  • In the Technical Report, the remoteness of the project brought into question the power source for the future mine. In the report, they refer to the construction of the Bagua/Jaen power station as a possible power source. Via email, I corresponded with Soliatrio’s Investor Relations Director, Debbie Mino-Austin. In our correspondence, she said that access to power shouldn’t be an issue and that the Bagua/Jaen power station had been completed. It’s likely, however, that a mini-hydroelectric plant on the Utcombamba River will be constructed for Bongará power (mini hydroelectric plants are common in Peru and relatively inexpensive to construct).
  • Bongará is comprised of 16 contiguous mining concessions, covering approximately 12,600 hectares. In the image below, you can see the “newly” (at the time of the technical report) staked ground, which is on trend with the rest of the deposit and may provide some upside to the resource size with further exploration.

Solitario Bongara Land Claims

Source: Solitario

 

  • The mineralization is polymetallic and of Mississippi Valley Type (MVT). To note, it’s expected to be an underground mine.
  • Bongará is a Joint Venture project between Solitario and Milpo.
  • Currently, Solitario owns 39% of the project, but Milpo can earn up to a 70% interest in the project by funding all project expenditures and, based on a positive feasibility study, commit to putting the project into production. Also, Milpo will finance Solitario’s 30% portion of the construction costs via a loan, which will be paid back with 50% of its net cash flow distributions, once in production.
  • More than 80% of Milpo’s publically traded shares are owned by Votorantim, Solitario’s former JV partner. In 2014, Milpo announced its intent to acquire Votorantim’s share of the Bongará Project. Milpo is the 2nd largest zinc producer in Peru, operating 3 other underground zinc mines and, from my perspective, is the perfect JV partner for this project.

PUSH: A Preliminary Economic Assessment (PEA) is expected to be completed by the end of July 2017.  The PEA should bring some much needed attention to the Solitario story, especially given its upside to a rising zinc price. What really strikes me is that Milpo did not have to jointly fund this PEA, which makes me think they’re confident that the PEA is going to show a lot of value in this deposit and, from a promotional side, is well worth the money.

 

Resource Estimate

Measured and Indicated Resource Total: tonnes – 2.78 million, Zn% – 12.77, Pb% – 1.78, Ag g/t – 18.2, ZnEq% – 15.1 – Contained metal: Zn Mlbs – 782.5    Inferred Resource: tonnes – 9.07, Zn% – 10.87, Pb% – 1.21, Ag g/t – 12.2, ZnEq% – 12.44 – Contained metal: Zn Mlbs – 2,173      Metal price assumptions in USD: Zn – $0.95/lbs, Pb –$0.95/lbs, Ag – $20/oz

NOTE: These are great zinc resource numbers, with both size (Total M&I + Inferred Zn contained metal = 2,955.5 Mlbs) and grade. The metal price assumptions are good, especially with upside in the zinc price. Also, as described in the Technical Report, mineralization is open and provides exploration upside to an already large high grade deposit.

What is Solitario’s portion of the Bongará mine worth? Until the PEA is complete, which will be soon, we really don’t know.  Not all in-situ metal is created equal and, therefore, makes it tough to realistically compare Bongará to other zinc projects in the world.

NOTE: Solitario’s 30% of Bongará is currently equivalent to: (925.3 Mlbs + 2,487.6 Mlbs) x 30% = 1,023.87 Mlbs of Zinc Equivalent.

However, I think the value proposition is fairly straightforward. Solitario has a tight share structure with roughly half of its MCAP in cash, therefore, not even considering Solitario’s other interests, you can see that the value per lbs, in USD, is roughly $0.011/lbs. That’s very cheap, in my mind, and I’m sure that the upcoming PEA will confirm this.

 

  • The metallurgy of the deposit appears to be in good order as the predicted concentrate grades are as follows: Sulfide – concentrate Zn% – 55.2, Pb% – 52.6, Ag g/t – 7.3 Mixed – concentrate Zn% – 52.0, Pb% – 52.6, Ag g/t – 7.3   Oxide – concentrate Zn% – 47.5
  • Comments regarding the metallurgy of the mineralization from the Technical Report,

“the high in-situ grades of the zinc mineralization and low impurities in sulfide at Bongará should generate a premium concentrate and a highly saleable product in a market where strong future demand is forecasted. The challenge to Project development lies in its remote location, which raises capital costs for construction and operating costs for concentrate delivery, among other things.” ~ 43-101 Technical Report – pg.137

  • In my discussion with CEO, Chris Herald, he mentioned that one of the highlights of the Bongará Project is how clean the metallurgy is. The future mine should produce a top notch concentrate, one that will have smelters lining up to purchase it. This is really important when it comes to zinc deposits, because there’s a good portion of deposits out there that have mercury, iron or manganese issues with their concentrate, and require much more refinement to produce something saleable. In my opinion, metallurgy is arguably the most important attribute of any mineral deposit, not just zinc. So the fact that the Bongará metallurgy checks out is a big plus.

 

 

Peru as a Jurisdiction

In its latest rankings, the Fraser Institute lists Peru as the #1 jurisdiction for mining investment attractiveness in Latin America, with a score of 73.47 and 28th in the world.  Mining is a major source of employment for the Peruvian people; as you will see in the table below, Peru ranks not only tops for metal production in Latin America, but also close to the top in most categories throughout the world.

Peru Mining Production

~ Source: Mining Peru

 

“[T]he mining industry believes that Peru’s favourable geology has been under-exploited…to date only about 12 per cent of Peru’s mineral resources have been worked…In all, Peru holds about 16 per cent of the word’s known mineral reserves, including 15 per cent copper and 7 per cent zinc reserves.”~ Mining Peru

 

Peruvian Leadership

The Prime Minister of Peru is determined in a two round election system.  A two round system works in the following manner; a single vote is cast for their chosen candidate. If no candidate receives the majority of the votes, usually 40 to 45% of the vote and a margin of 5 to 15%, all but the two candidates with the largest percentages are eliminated and then placed into a second election.

2016 was an election year in Peru. The Congressional election saw the Party, Popular Force, win in a landslide, taking 36.34% of the vote (~Peruvian Election Results). However, the Prime Minister election, which took two rounds to decide, went to the Party, Peruvians for Change, which is led by candidate, Pedro Pablo Kuczynski.

Kuczynski has held positions in the United States with the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. He later became Peru’s designated general manger of its Central Reserve Bank. From the standpoint of an investor, I believe that Kuczynski’s western influenced work experience should prove to be an asset.

Will he be good for the Peruvian people? Hard to say, as developing a country’s economy is a costly business (debt) these days. But, if done properly, it could be the dawn of a new age for the Peruvian people, and may bring what is currently a third of the population, out of poverty.

My guess is that Kuczynski will be good for mining and, as a western investor, I’m comfortable with the risk that Peru’s leadership presents.

 

43-101 Technical Report – Peru as a Jurisdiction

SRK Consulting, the company that prepared the 43-101 Technical Report, has a great section discussing property and title in Peru:

“Mining in Peru is governed by the General Mining Law, which specifies that all mineral assets belong to the federal government. Mining concessions granted to individuals or other entities authorize the title holder to perform all minerals related activates from exploration to exploitation and, once titled, are irrevocable for so long as the fees are paid to the federal government on time.” ~43-101 Technical Report – pg.7

SRK Consulting also comments on the Peruvian workforce in relation to Bongará Project,

“No trained mining personnel reside near the Project. Untrained labor is readily available from local communities where few employment opportunities exist. Peru is a mature mining country with a mobile workforce. Abundant trained labor is present in all categories of mining throughout Peru. “ ~ 43-101 Technical Report – pg.8

The first thing that comes to mind when I read this is, “if you build it, they will come.”As cheesy as that may sound, Peru is a country that depends on mining for employment and, therefore, I do believe that when the time comes, a workforce will be available.

World Zinc Reserves

Source: U.S. Geological Survey

 

Peru is a country on the rise, as it has grown its economy at a rate of 6.4% annually, on average, for the last 10 years, which is 2nd among Latin American countries (~ Peru). The service industry represents the largest chunk of the country’s GDP, with agriculture following a close second.  Mining follows these top two industries and looks set for growth in the coming years, with further development of its prospective mining properties.

As Peru looks to further its economic growth, in my mind, mining will have to constitute a major part of their future. Therefore, while not without risk, Peru does present great value from a jurisdictional standpoint, today and into the future.

NOTE: In relation to Solitario, remember that its majority owner, Milpo, the 2nd largest zinc mine operator in Peru, is handling development of the property and, thus, in my mind, reduces the risk associated with a foreign entity developing or operating the property.

 

 

Zazu Acquistion – Lik Property

  • Solitario, upon approval of the purchase, will acquire all of the issued and outstanding shares of Zazu Metals Corporation. It is an all shares deal wherein holders of Zazu shares will receive, on closing, 0.3572 of a common share of Solitario, which represents a 41% premium over the VWAP20 of Zazu. Zazu shareholders are expected to represent approximately 34% of the issued and outstanding shares of the combined company. See the news release for the exact details of the transaction.
  • Zazu acquired a 50% interest in the Lik property for $20 million in June 2007, from GCO Minerals. The remaining 50% of the project was and still is held by Teck Resources. The terms of the GCO agreement carried over to Zazu, which has the option to acquire an additional 30% of the property by qualifying expenditures of $20 million prior to 2018. See Technical Report or SEDAR for further information.

Further, in my email correspondence with IR, I asked, ‘how much money must be spent by Solitario to attain the additional 30% in the Lik property?’

“Approximately $20 million…If we don’t spend the $20 million, then Solitario will own 50% of the Lik Project and will continue to be the operator.”

  • The Lik property is located in Northwest Alaska, 22 km from Teck Resources’ Red Dog Open Pit Mine.

Lik Propert Map

Source: Zazu Metals

 

  • The Fraser Institute’s ranking for Mining Investment Attractiveness gives Alaska a score of 80.27, placing it 5th amongst the American States, and 14th in the world. Even with this great ranking, at this current time, Alaska may still be associated with the highly publicized issues between Northern Dynasty and the EPA over their Pebble Project. Isolated incidents such as this can be present in the best of jurisdictions, as the score gives a broader view on the jurisdiction on a whole.  Proximity doesn’t mean that the Lik property is guaranteed to be approved for the construction of a mine, but Teck’s Red Dog mine is only 22 km away and has been operating for a long time. I’m confident that permitting won’t be an issue.
  • The Lik deposit is divided by faulting into two parts, Lik South and Lik North. The PEA that was completed in 2014 was on the Lik South Deposit, which they believe can be mined in an open pit. The Lik North Deposit is much deeper than the South and will most likely require underground mining techniques for its removal.
  • Original drilling (137 holes) of the project occurred in the 1970s, 80s, and early 1990’s with some historical mineral resource estimates completed by GCO and Noranda. Zazu completed an additional 92 holes from 2007 to 2011.
  • Total Mineral Resource Estimate (North and South Deposits) taken from PEA Report:  Indicated:Mt – 18.11, Zn% – 8.1, Pb% – 2.72, Ag g/t – 50.2   Inferred: Mt – 5.34, Zn% – 8.66, Pb% – 2.69, Ag g/t – 38.0  (See the PEA for further details)

 

  • The PEA was completed for the Lik South Deposit ONLY
    • After Tax NPV @8% – USD $25 million, IRR – 9.7%, 5.8 year Payback, CAPEX Cost – $351.7 million Metals Price Assumptions in USD – Zn – $0.9242/lbs, Pb – $1.013 lbs, Ag – $19.43/oz  – At first glance, this may seem low, but remember this is a high-grade zinc project and, therefore, should present a high sensitivity to the zinc price. The PEA lists revenue associated with each metal as approximately 70% zinc, 29% lead and 1% silver on pg.1-16.
  • In Zazu’s corporate presentation on page 16, a price sensitivity table reveals the upside potential of the project. Using today’s zinc price of roughly $1.12 per pound, and the project After Tax NPV @8% jumps to USD $195 million, IRR – 20.0%, Payback 3.4 years.
  • The Lik Property PEA envisions a 5,500 tpd mill, with a CAPEX cost of $352 million, including a 20% contingency. Again, remember that this only concerns the South deposit.

 

9.97% Equity Interest in Vendetta Mining

– On May 5th, 2016 Solitario announced a strategic 9.97% equity investment in Vendetta Mining. Solitario purchased 8,000,000 units of Vendetta for a total consideration of CDN $362,000, with each common share priced at CDN $0.05, and one full warrant with a two-year term, and exercisable at CDN $0.10.  Please see SEDAR for more detailed information regarding the financing.

– This investment shows great foresight by Solitario’s management into the zinc market and the potential of Vendetta Mining, which has seen great gains in its share price since their purchase.

– While I like this investment, it’s a much smaller piece of my speculative thesis regarding Solitario. I have compiled some notes on Vendetta Mining because I really like their story and its potential, but I will publish those in a separate article. If you aren’t already a subscriber and don’t want to miss that article, become a Junior Stock Reivew VIP and have the article sent to your inbox for FREE.

 

Solitario’s Remaining Royalties

While Solitario does have additional royalties, I haven’t considered their value at their current stage of development. Nonetheless, here’s a list of Solitario’s 3 other royalties:

Concluding Remarks

There’s always downside risk in any speculation that you make. In the case of Solitario, I think the current downside risk comes from the potential for the zinc price to fall. That said, a lower zinc price wouldn’t make their projects uneconomic, it would likely result in losses for zinc companies overall. Secondly, due to a lack of promotion, the stock is being thinly traded at just below 10,000 shares on the TSX per day and 58,000 on NYSE-MKT. However, I view this in a positive light; I relish the opportunity to buy shares of a company before their story catches on in the mainstream.  I expect post-transaction, that Solitario will want to get their new story out to the investment community.

For me, the release of the Bongará PEA in the next month or so and the confirmation of the Zazu purchase will be turning points for attention on Solitario, and will allow investors to put a proper valuation on this company. Now, with a MCAP of around $39 million, it’s undervalued, especially in context to the supply and demand fundamentals of the zinc market.

To summarize my reasons for buying shares of Solitario:

  • An experienced management team which seeks and capitalizes on value in the market – without major shareholder dilution.
  • PUSH from an upcoming Bongará PEA, which I believe will shine a very bright light on this large and high-grade zinc deposit.
  • Bongará JV partner, Milpo – an experienced zinc mining company, which is set to cover all expenses and technical work on the project right up to the commitment for mine construction. The 30% interest in Bongará comes at no upfront capex cost to Solitario, just the repayment of Milpo-funded construction costs paid from operating cash flow. Consequently Solitario will receive cash flow starting day-one of production without dilution.
  • Upon closing the deal – Lik Property JV partner, Teck – large senior multi-metal miner, which I would guess will be motivated to see development of this Alaskan deposit, as their massive Red Dog Mine will see reduced production numbers in the years ahead, right in the face of a supply shortage in the zinc market.
  • Leverage to higher zinc prices – Both the Bongará and Lik Projects are highly sensitive to a rising zinc price.
  • A good sized position in a highly prospective zinc exploration company – Vendetta Mining, which is currently worth: $0.34/share x 8,000,000 shares = $2,720,000. There are 5,000,000 Cdn $0.10 warrants, too!
  • CASH – Solitario is sitting on roughly USD $17 million – almost half of their market cap – to my knowledge, ONLY Arizona Mining, amongst zinc companies, has a larger cash position.

 

Do your due diligence on Solitario and see if they are a company that fits your speculative criteria. For me, they present a great risk to reward speculation, especially going forward, as I’m confident that even if we don’t see higher zinc prices, there is still great value in this company.

 

 

Don’t want to miss a new investment idea, interview or financial product review? Become a Junior Stock Review VIP now – it’s FREE!

 

Until next time,

 

Brian Leni  P.Eng

Founder – Junior Stock Review

 

 

Disclaimer: This is not an investment recommendation, it is an investment idea. I am not an investment professional, nor do I know you and your specific investment criteria. Please do your own due diligence. I have NOT been compensated to write this article and do NOT have a business relationship with Solitario Exploration & Royalty. However, I do own shares in Solitario Exploration & Royalty. Please check SEDAR for the most accurate data regarding Solitario Exploration & Royalty information and analytics.

 

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A Conversation with Rick Rule – Actionable Words of Wisdom from One of the Industry’s Wisest

I know I’ve said it before, but when you have the opportunity to talk to successful speculators or investors, it’s far more valuable to ask questions pertaining to the HOW, instead of focusing on the WHO or WHAT. As great as it is to get a stock tip, it’s a short term solution to a grand puzzle, a puzzle which can only really be solved by working diligently to perfect your approach to speculation.

Today, I have for you an interview with someone who has a great understanding of the HOW, when it comes to being successful in the junior resource market. This person is Rick Rule. Mr.Rule’s understanding of the resource market comes from his experience, as he has spent his entire adult life pursuing alpha within the sector.

Currently, Mr.Rule is President and CEO of Sprott U.S. Holdings, which is a holding company made up of three separate and distinct companies: Sprott Global Resource Investments Ltd., Sprott Asset Management USA Inc., and Resource Capital Investment Corporation. For those looking for more information on Sprott Global financial products and services, check out the Sprott Global Resource Investments website.

 

Without further ado, A Conversation with Rick Rule.

Enjoy!

 

 

Brian: Doug Casey, whom I recently interviewed, mentioned that the book, The Market for Liberty, changed his life, transitioning his political philosophy from Objectivist to a Libertarian. This is a major change in political philosophy, one of which I’m not sure every person is capable. In my view, we live in a society of paradigms or bias that lock us into thought patterns that keep many of us blind to other alternatives – alternatives that may be more efficient or beneficial.

Whether it be financial, political or social, in your opinion, how does one keep an open mind and see through paradigms and their own inherent bias?

Rick: That is the billion dollar question. I think, probably, it was searching, having a curious mind that brought you to Doug Casey, and I think it was searching and having a curious mind that brought Doug Casey, who had a decidedly stateist family, if you know anything about his background, to the sort of free market anarcho captialist orientation that he has today.

Doug is enough smarter than me, and I suspect you are, too; my path was somewhat more tenuous. The path that I would describe is going to seem odd, but the first tract that I read that, in retrospect, was Libertian oriented, was War and Peace, talking about the relationship of man to society and vice versa, and I wasn’t really able to codify it, until I read a much simpler tome, Economics in One Lesson, or understand it deeply until I read, Human Action, by von Mises, of course, it wasn’t one thing that got me there. It was a longer course, it was a willingness to be exposed to other points of view.

 

Brian: While paradigms and bias give us the basis for how we view the world, emotion is the fuel that causes us to act without logic. The biggest lesson I have learned in my speculating career, thus far, is to act against the crowd and buy when everyone else is selling – and vice versa. This is a lot easier said than done!

Do you have a defined strategy that investors can adopt in some form, which works to minimize the role that emotion plays in speculations?

Rick: Arithmetic. Arithmetic is extremely important. When an industry is in liquidation, it is important to force yourself to be able to buy. When a commodity that is necessary for sustaining the lifestyles that are enjoyed by mankind, is selling for less than the total cost of production, one of two things happens; either that material becomes unavailable or the price goes up. It is difficult to make yourself buy an industry in liquidation, but the truth is, one of my Rule-isms, if you will, is that you are either contrarian or you are going to be a victim. An illustration of that would be the best bull market that I ever participated in, which was the uranium bull market of the last decade. Uranium had gone through a 20 year bear market in the 80s and 90s, and the consequence of that was that any investor who wasn’t bored to tears with uranium, had a moral objection to it as a consequence of Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Three Mile Island, Chernobyl. The sector was not only out of favour, it was hated. But despite that, at the time, it represented 20% of US base load demand and the industry was making it for $30 a pound and selling it for $10 a pound, losing $20 a pound and, of course, trying to make it up on volume. There was only one of 2 outcomes; whether the lights would go out across the United States or the price would go up. It was into that circumstance that I forced myself to buy the only 5 uranium juniors in the world, companies that had no hope of going into production with the uranium price where it was when I bought them, in anticipation that the price would have to go up. My reward was that the worst of those 5 ran 22 to 1 over the ensuing 5 years.

I would say, in short answer to the question, arithmetic is how you counter emotion and a narrative.

 

Brian: Warren Buffet says, “you must learn from mistakes, but they don’t have to be your own.” To me, there’s a lot of wisdom in this comment – we should all be so lucky.

First, would you agree? And second, how does this statement translate to your junior resource speculating career?

Rick: Answering the questions in reverse, sadly, I have had to make all of the mistakes I learnt from. I suspect 2 things; first, Mr. Buffet is smarter than me, he is also extremely disciplined and dispassionate. My own experience required me to learn the lessons personally. I certainly get reinforcement now, from watching other people who work hard and are smart making the same mistakes that I made in the past, and it warns me off the seeming necessity to make the same mistake over and over again.

This goes back to curiosity, the more time you go about gathering information and the more dispassionate about analysing the information that you gather, the better off you are going to be. Unfortunately, while all of us value ourselves as truth seekers, we think what we do is take information from everywhere, and sort that information to make rational conclusions – that isn’t what we do. We gather information and we use that information to support our existing paradigms and prejudice. So you have to be curious in the first instances, and then you have to be rigorous with regards to the products of your curiosity, and the second part is probably more difficult than the first.

Brian: Confirmation bias is hard to overcome.

Rick: Yes, it’s lethal.

 

Brian: For me, jurisdictional risk is an interesting subject because everyone has their own criteria for what constitutes risk. For most, jurisdictional risk is most closely tied to the politics of the country in question, or the politics of a neighbouring country.

In a 2012 speech at Jayant Bhandari’s Capitalism and Morality Seminar (Video Link – around the 10:34 min), you said that one of your worst jurisdictional experiences that you have encountered in your career was an investment in a company in California, United States.

For most, this example may represent a quandary, because I believe the United States is easily sold as a premier investment jurisdiction, especially when compared to, say, the Congo in Africa. This isn’t always the case, however, as you pointed out.

Therefore, do you measure jurisdictional risk in terms of the delta between the company’s share price and its value? Meaning, would you be willing to take on any amount of jurisdictional risk, depending on the value of the company relative to the price for which its shares are selling?

Rick: Yes absolutely. My own experience is that most investors equate political risk to their emotion rather than to reality, and you tend to react more strongly to political risk that you haven’t experienced or don’t understand. My own belief is that money that is stolen from me by white people in English, according to the rule of law, is just as gone as money that is extorted from me in some third world kleptocracy.

My experience, further, by doing business internationally, and this is going to sound like a generality, which it is, but it is also true, countries that can’t get any worse don’t, and countries that can’t get any better don’t, either.  This plays out over time, not immediately, but the truth is, the countries that have rewarded me the best are countries that have been coming off low bottoms. An example would be Chile, with a superb exploration endowment coming off, first, the idiocy of socialism under Allende, and then, the murderous regime of Pinochet. The response of the geology in Chile to stability and the sort of social sense that they had had enough of rightist and leftist autocracy was spectacularly good for me. I made money in hard places like Russia, Sudan, Congo. The truth is that most of the great, easy to find, tier one deposits that exist in countries that have been able to be explored efficiently in the last 40 years, have been made. The big tier 1 discoveries that have yet to be made are going to be made in places where there have been problems with access or problems with cost of capital. Places like the Tethyan metalagentic belt, running through Turkey, Pakistan, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, those types of places. The easy deposits in safe places have mostly been found.

 

Brian: Speculating in management teams with past success comes at a premium in the junior resource market – and with good reason; the odds of finding an economic deposit and/or bringing that deposit to production are slim. For those looking to find great companies at a ‘discount,’ however, they may have to look at companies with younger and unheralded management teams.

I have a two-part question; First, with people arguably being the most important part of a junior company, in your opinion, is it worth taking the risk in speculating with a younger team? Secondly, if so, how do you evaluate young management teams that don’t have the résumés of a Ross Beaty or Robert Quartermain?

Rick: I dispute the first of your thesis; I believe that if you are willing to speculate and invest in very bad markets that you can get top tier managements at a discount. Two and a half years ago, I was able to buy Ivanhoe Mines with, at that point in time, two – now three – top tier deposits at a discount to cash. People were afraid of the market, they were afraid of the Congo and they didn’t care about Friedland. In a market before that, I was able to buy Adolf Lundin at a discount to cash. The truth is, if you have the guts to invest in bad markets, you can buy the best properties and the best management teams very cheaply. In the market that we are heading into, a bull market, however, other sets of circumstances are true and I would suggest to your readers, unless prepared to devote a minimum of 20 hours per week to their speculative portfolios, that they give up the optionality associated with new management teams and focus on investing around the best of the best, even being willing to accept those premiums. For investors and speculators who are willing to work a little harder, having a sleeve of between 25 and 50% in your portfolio to try and speculate around management teams who you believe or have reason to believe, with guided advice, will become the Ross Beatys  and the Bob Quartermains of your generation, is a task that is very worthwhile.

  

Brian: I’m a strong believer in the gold thesis but, for the sake of playing devil’s advocate, in which type of scenario could you see the gold price falling in the future? 

Rick: I think a global liquidity driven economic collapse, a repeat of 2008 where the lack of faith in the system was such that liquidity itself became unavailable. Peripheral assets always follow the first, in the absence of liquidity, and certainly gold equities are as peripheral as you can get.

The other, of course, would be a deflationary, a real deflationary, collapse; I don’t happen to see that in the outlook. The most immediate threat to gold equities markets being a liquidity seize up like 2008.

 

Brian: Conferences are a great way to expand your knowledge of the sector and to speak to the people who are running the companies in which you’re speculating. Learn who these people are – you’re trusting them with your money.  For those looking for a conference to attend, I highly suggest that you attend the Sprott Natural Resource Symposium from July 25th to 28th, in Vancouver.  In my opinion, it’s by far the best conference in the business and worth every penny.

In your opinion, what’s the value proposition of the Sprott Natural Resource Symposium?

Rick: You’re asking me to answer a question in my own self interest, which I am delighted to do. These speakers have been hand selected, the economic precept to the gold case is made very well by Jim Rickards, whom, among other things, was corporate counsel for Long Term Capital Management and knows a lot about the structure of institutional financial relationships worldwide and the risks that they impose.

The political backdrop for the discussion is posed by David Stockman, who was an absolute insider as he was Ronald Regan’s primary Economic Advisor, and has been a big wig in republican politics for 30 years. It is important also, though, that this conference won’t all be gurus; David Harquail who was partially responsible for building Franco Nevada will be there telling you why and how. Ross Beatty will be there, Bob Quartermain will be there, the serially successful Robert Friedland will be there. Learning about how hugely, serially successful mining operators operated and built their own companies and, at the same time, built their own portfolios, gives lessons to investors that are absolutely invaluable.

Another circumstance that is unique to this conference; at almost every investment conference that I know, although the attendees view exhibitors as content, the conference sponsors view them as advertisers, and so at most conferences, the criterion for accepting exhibitors is a cheque that cashes. In the context of the Sprott conference, because our attendees have told us that they consider the exhibitors to be content, if we don’t own shares of the exhibitors in a Sprott managed account, we won’t admit them to the conference. That doesn’t mean that everyone will go up in price, but it means that we understand enough about the affairs of the company that we are willing to risk our own money.

And, by the way, if you constructed an index of the exhibitors, that index of exhibitors relative to the broader junior resource market, would have shown substantial out performance in each of the last 4 years.

 

Brian: Thank you very much for taking the time to answer my questions!

 

In my conversation with Mr.Rule, we covered a number of very important topics. Mr.Rule’s answers provide a great guideline for success in the junior market. Here’s a list of the points that stood out for me:

  • Arithmetic is how you counter emotion and a narrative
  • Confirmation bias is lethal to your success in the junior resource sector. Be curious, but also rigorous with regards to the products of your curiosity
  • Be mindful that political risk is typically tied to emotion rather than to reality. The tendency, therefore, is to react more strongly to political risk that you haven’t experienced or don’t understand.
  • Being a contrarian puts the odds of success in your favour, and is by far the most important piece of advice shared by Mr.Rule. Speaking from experience, I concur, but also warn that it is the HARDEST piece of advice to implement. Humans love to be a part of a group and, therefore, are prone to herd mentality.
  • Finally, the Sprott Natural Resource Symposium offers a great value proposition, as Mr.Rule and his team have handpicked a group of speakers and companies which have out-performed the broader junior resource market in each of the last 4 years. If you’re going to attend just one natural resource conference, this is it.

 

 

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Until next time,

 

Brian Leni  P.Eng

Founder – Junior Stock Review